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OrgChem Lab (2nd sem) > Activity No. 15 > Flashcards

Activity No. 15 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 tests for hydrocarbons

A

Ignition test
Bromine Water Test
Baeyer’s Test

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2
Q

what are the test samples used during the tests for hydrocarbons

A

benzene
heptane

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3
Q

hydrocarbons are classified into _____ and _____

A

aliphatic
aromatic

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4
Q

What is the purpose of the flammability or ignition test for hydrocarbons

A

to distinguish aliphatic from aromatic hydrocarbons

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5
Q

in ignition test, what are used as basis for classification?

A

(a) the type of flame produced (luminous or nonluminous)
(b) amount of soot formed

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6
Q

procedure for ignition test

A

put drop of the liquid sample on a crucible cover. Ignite the sample. Compare the luminosity of the flame and tge amount of soot formed.

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7
Q

procedure for bromine water test

A

put 1 ml of cyclohexane into 2 separate test tubes. Add 5 drops of bromine water. After shaking the tubes, place one in the dark, and expose the other to sunlight. Compare the color of the tubes

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8
Q

test samples used in baeyer’s test

A

(a) cyclohexene
(b) cyclohexane

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9
Q

aliphatic hydrocarbons maybe divided further into ______,_________, and _______

A

alkanes
alkenes
alkynes

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10
Q

______ and _____ are unsaturated and are more reactive than alkanes

A

alkenes and alkynes

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11
Q

what reagent is used in the baeyer’s test

A

Potassium permanganate

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12
Q

__________ can oxidize the alkenes and alkynes into ____ and ______ respectively but does not alter _______

A

potassium permanganate
glycol
acid
alkanes

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13
Q

Baeyer’s test:
In the rxn, the _____color of permanganate is lost and a _________, MnO2, is produced

A

purple
brown Precipitate

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14
Q

procedure for baeyer’s test

A

place 2ml of 0.5% KMnO4 solution in a test tube. add a few drops of the test sample. Shake and observe

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15
Q

4 test samples used during the tests for alcohols

A

1-propanol
t-butyl alcohol
2-butanol
phenol

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16
Q

3 diff. tests for alcohols

A

reaction with sodium metal
ferric chloride test
Lucas’ Test

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17
Q

alcohols and phenols react with sodium metal to form _______

A

sodium alkoxide
sodium phenoxide

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18
Q

what gas is released as one of the products of alcohol/phenol and sodium metal rxn

A

hydrogen gas

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19
Q

procedure for reaction with Na metal

A

place 2ml of test sample in a dry test tube. add a tiny piece of sodium metal. observe the rate of evolution of hydrogen gas. allow the rxn to proceed to completion

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20
Q

TRUE/FALSE
Never put metallic sodium into water. If necessary, add more alcohol to destroy any excess sodium

A

TRUE

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21
Q

this test is to classify whether the alcohol is aromatic or aliphatic

A

Ferric chloride test

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22
Q

_______ or ______ reacts with ferric chloride to produce a characteristic ________

A

phenols
aromatic alcohol
colored complex

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23
Q

procedure for ferric chloride test

A

add a drop of 1% ferric chloride solution into a tube containing 1ml of test sample. ibserve any change in colir

24
Q

this test is used to classify aliphatic alcohols into primary, secondary or tertiary

A

Lucas’ test

25
Q

In lucas’ test, the reagent consists of _______ in _______ which converts the alchol to the corresponding alkyl chloride

A

zinc chloride
concentrated HCl

26
Q

Since the alkyl chloride is not soluble in acid, its formation is indicated by the ___________

A

appearance of a second layer or cloudy suspension

27
Q

the alcohols can be classified based on the _________

A

relative time it took for the cloudy suspension to form

28
Q

procedure for lucas’ test

A

place 1ml od Lucas reagent in a test tube. Add 4-5 drops of the test sample. mix, record the length of time it takes fornthe mixture to become cloudy or separate into 2 layers. If after 5 mins. no emulsion is formed, heat the tube in a water bath

29
Q

which is more reactive?
Aldehyde or Ketone

A

aldehyde

30
Q

what are the principal oxidizing agents in tests for aldehydes and ketones

A

(1) silver ion, Ag+, present in Tollen’s reagent im the form of diamine silver hydroxide-complex Ag(NH3)2+ OH
(2) cupric ion, present in the form of citrate or tartrate complex

31
Q

Test for Aldehydes and Ketones:

which functional group gives positive test results with all the rragents being used

A

Aldehydes

32
Q

It is an indication of a positive test

A

the formation of the silver mirror or the red cupric oxide precipitate

33
Q

what are the 2 tests for aldehydes and ketones

A

(1) Tollen’s Test
(2) Fehling’s Test

34
Q

in tollen’s test and fehling’s test, what are the test samples used

A

formaldehyde and acetone

35
Q

procedure for tollen’s test

A

in 2 separate clean test tubes, transfer 1ml of tollens reagent. add a drop of the test sample, formaldehyde to one test tube and acetone on the other. mix and warm in a water bath

36
Q

in fehling’s test, aldehydes (reduce/oxidize) the copper; the solutions usually turn from muddy green, and gradually a reddish precipitate of cuprous oxide is formed. Most simple ketones (do not react/react)

A

reduce
do not react

37
Q

to have a positive result in fehling’s test, formation of ________ must be observed

A

red precipitate of cuprous oxide

38
Q

procedure for fehling’s test

A

in a test tube, mix 1ml of fehling’s A and fehling’s B. Add drop of the test sample. Shake vigorously then place the tube in a boiling water bath for 10-15 mins

39
Q

Test for Carboxylic acid and derivatives

A

alcoholysis: Schotten-Baumann Reaction

40
Q

carboxylic acids react with alcohols by ______

A

Nucleophilic acyl substitution

41
Q

procedure in test for carboxylic acid and derivatives

A

To 1ml of ethyl alcohol, add 10 drops of acetic acid and a drop of concentrated sulfuric acid. Warm in a water bath for 2 mins. Nothe the odor

42
Q

Test for Amines

A

Hinsberg Test

43
Q

Test sample used in Hinsberg test

A

aniline
diethyl amine
triethyl amine

44
Q

primary and secondary amines may be distinguished from tertiary and aromatic amines by ________

A

formation of sulfonamides

45
Q

this test is based on the fact that primary and secondary amines react w/ benzenesulfonyl chloride to give N-substituted sulfonamides

A

Hinsberg test

46
Q

TRUE/FALSE
Tertiary amines do not give derivatives

A

TRUE

47
Q

TRUE/FALSE
The sulfonamides of secondary amines do not have any acidic protons and therefore do not show pH dependent solubility

A

TRUE

48
Q

in hinsberg test, the mixture should be (basic/acidic)

A

basic

49
Q

procedure in hinsberg test

A

place 10 drops of test samples in a tube containing 5ml of 10% KOH soultion. add 0.4 ml benzenesulfonyl chloride to this solution. Stopper the mixture and shake w/ cooling if necessary. The mixture shoukd still be strong basic. If not, add few drops of 4M KOH.
Formation of 2layers–> test the organic phase for solubility in 10% HCl.
If soluble, Tertiary amine
If not soluble, Secondary amine

50
Q

Hinsberg test:
if the orig mixture didnt separate into 2 layers, salt of a benzenesulfonamide of a _______ is formed

A

primary amine

51
Q

Test for hydrocarbons
Ignition test
Hydrocarbon: Benzene
Color and intensity of flame:
classification:

A

yellow, sooty, intense
aromatic

52
Q

Test for hydrocarbons
Ignition test:
Hydrocarbon: Heptane
Color and intensity of flame:
classification:

A

blue, not sooty, medium
aliphatic

53
Q

Baeyer’s Test
Hydrocarbon: Cyclohexene
Results (Color change):
Classification:

A

purple to brown
unsaturated

54
Q

Baeyer’s Test
Hydrocarbon: Cyclohexane
Results (Color change):
Classification:

A

no color change
saturated

55
Q

Test for Alcohols
Ferric Chloride test
Compound: 1-propanol
Reaction time w/ Na:
Results:
Classification:

A

8 mins
no color change
aliphatic

56
Q

title of activity #15

A

Reactions of hydrocarbons and functional groups

OrgChem Lab (2nd sem) (9 decks)

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