Activity No. 1

Question 1

one of the general methods available for making alkyl halides

Answer 1

nucleophilic substitution reactions

Question 2

halides sources that are applicable only for the preparation of primary halides but not for tertiary alkyl halides because elimination reactions predominate

Answer 2

phosphorous trihalides or thionyl halides

Question 3

the halogen acid employed in the experiment which reacts readily w/ tert-butyl

Answer 3

hydrochloric acid

Question 4

in the first stage of the reaction, what is formed?

Answer 4

intermediate carbocation

Question 5

the intermediate carbication formed is stabilized by _________ and _______

Answer 5

hyperconjugation
inductive effects

Question 6

SN1 reaction mechanism is also known as

Answer 6

Unimolecular Nucleophilic Substitution

Question 7

since the tert-butyl chloride product has been in contact with water, it is regarded as _______, hence, it needs a ________

Answer 7

wet
drying agent

Question 8

it is usually an inorganic compound that reacts irreversibly with water, or that is capable of forming one or more hydrates

Answer 8

drying agent

Question 9

why must we be careful in selecting a drying agent

Answer 9

to avoid forming a complex withbthe organic compound or solvent, or react in some other way

Question 10

what are the more commonly used drying agents?

Answer 10

calcium chloride (CaCl2)
magnesium sulfate (MgSO4)
sodium sulfate (Na2SO4)

Question 11

specifically what drying agent will be used in the experiment?

Answer 11

calcium chloride (CaCl2)

Question 12

In the experiment, why does CaCl2 was employed?

Answer 12

because of its fast action amd high capacity to remove water

Question 13

in drying, where must be the wet liquid be placed?

Answer 13

in an Erlenmeyer flask, sealed with a cork

Question 14

basis for the “appropriate amount” of drying agent to be added

Answer 14

if the amount added covers the bottom of the flask

Question 15

swirling the mixture (increases/decreases) the rate of drying.

Answer 15

increases

Question 16

what is the minimum time for thorough drying

Answer 16

an HOUR of contact between the liquid and the drying agent

Question 17

the product tert-butyl chloride is mainly used as an

Answer 17

alkylating agent

Question 18

a chemical used in this experiment that is corrosive and a poison

Answer 18

Concentrated HCl

Question 19

TRUE/FALSE.
Both alcohol and alkyl halide are flammable

Answer 19

TRUE

Question 20

reaction between the residual HCl and NaHCO3 will give off a sufficient amount of ____

Answer 20

CO2

Question 21

dry the organic layer over _______

Answer 21

anhydrous CaCl2

Question 22

the drying agent will be removed by ______

Answer 22

decantation

Question 23

what indicates that a reaction has taken place between the alkyl halide and AgNO3

Answer 23

appearance oof a white precipitate

Question 24

1st step in the procedure

Answer 24

Put 5 mL of t-butyl alcohol in a 50mL Erlenmeyer flask and place the flask over a motor stirrer, then add a stir bar and start stirring

Question 25

2nd step in the procedure

Answer 25

Add 13mL of concentrated HCl (12N) . Stir the mixture for 15mins or until the solution becomes colorless

Question 26

step 3 in the procedure

Answer 26

transfer the mixture to a 100mL separatory funnel and allow to stand until two clear layers have separated

Question 27

4th step in the procedure

Answer 27

remove the aqueous layer then wash the organic layer with 6mL of saturated aqueous NaCl solution

Question 28

5th Step

Answer 28

then wash the organic layer with 6mL of saturated aqueous NaHCO3 solution

Question 29

Step 6 in the procedure

Answer 29

wash the organic layer with another 6mL of saturated aqueous NaCl. Then save the organic layer

Question 30

The reaction between residual HCl and NaHCO3 gives off sufficient amount of CO2. Care must be taken NOT to confine this gas in the funnel. So, what must be done next?

Answer 30

Swirl the mixture initially in the UNSTOPPERED upright funnel, then invert the funnel and vet IMMEDIATELY into the hood

Question 31

How long will you gently and briefly shake the funnel between periods of venting?

Answer 31

until the evolution of gas subsides