Activity, Mobility, and Safe Movement

Question 1

what three systems work together to ensure a person’s ability to move and maintain posture, alignment, and balance

Answer 1

musculoskeletal, neurologic, cardiopulmonary

Question 2

______: lack of muscle tone that may result from a lack of physical activity or neurologic impairmnet

Answer 2

flaccidity or hypotonicity

Question 3

_____: reduced blood flow to the brain

Answer 3

ischemia

Question 4

______: weakness on one side of the body as a result of ischemia

Answer 4

hemiparesis

Question 5

_______: inability to move all four extremities as a result of ischemia

Answer 5

A. Quadriplegia

Question 6

______: paralysis of one side of the body as a result of ischemia

Answer 6

B. Hemiplegia

Question 7

_______: lower body paralysis as a result of ischemia

Answer 7

C. Paraplegia

Question 8

immobility predisposes a person to what (5)

Answer 8

• weakness
• decreased muscle tone
• decreased bone and muscle mass
• potential muscle atrophy (wasting away)
• potential contracture (permanent fixation of a joint)

Question 9

joint contractures begin how soon after disuse

Answer 9

within hours of disuse

Question 10

_______: a contracture that results in permanent plantar flexion

Answer 10

footdrop

Question 11

_________: loss of bone mass resulting from lack of activity

Answer 11

disuse osteoporosis

Question 12

________: spontaneous breaks without trauma

Answer 12

pathologic bone fractures

Question 13

______ = balance

Answer 13

equilibrium

Question 14

______: a safety strategy in which the patient sits up on the side of the bed prior to standing

Answer 14

dandling

(important to prevent injury in previously non-abmulatory patients)

Question 15

_____: manner of walking

Answer 15

gait

Question 16

______: death of cells, tissue, or organs and can be a result of immobility

Answer 16

necrosis

Question 17

_______: pressure sores, bed sores, or decubitus ulcers and can be a result of immobility

Answer 17

pressure ulcers

Question 18

the _____ scale can be used to identify patients at risk for compromised skin integrity

Answer 18

braden

Question 19

what should be included when documenting about patient positioning

Answer 19

• schedule of positions
• patient response, assistance, pain/discomfort with positioning
• time when repositioned
• current position, body alignment

Question 20

a ______ is a triangular device suspended above the bed that is fastened to an overhead bar attached to the bed frame

Answer 20

trapeze bar

(patient’s must have equal bilateral upper-extremity strength to use)
(can be used to assist with repositioning and decrease the risk of shearing)

Question 21

_____ are used on extremities to keep joints in functional positions

Answer 21

splints and braces

Question 22

______: degrees of motion of a joint

Answer 22

range of motion

Question 23

______: full range of motion

Answer 23

active range of motion

Question 24

_________: nurse passively moves each joint to the point of resistance while evaluating patient comfort level

Answer 24

passive range of motion

Question 25

_______ are used to apply pressure to the calf to promote venous return

• Prevent edema to lower extremities
• Prevent deep vein thrombosis and venous stasis
• Promote blood flow of venous return
• Ultimately, prevent pulmonary emboli

Answer 25

antiembolism hose

Question 26

______ provide protection of bony prominences against skin breakdown; prevent friction between skin and sheets

Answer 26

heel protectors

Question 27

foam or gel combination mattresses reduce ______

Answer 27

pressure

Question 28

______: a bed that uses multiple air-filled cushions and varying amounts of air to reduce pressure or alleviate decubitus ulcers

Answer 28

low air-loss bed

Question 29

a _____ bed used airflow to move silicone particles within the bed to create a watery, fluid-like movement resulting in lower pressure or to alleviate decubitus ulcers

Answer 29

air-fluidized bed

Question 30

maintain a _____ base of support to provide stability and lower your center of gravity

Answer 30

wide

Question 31

______: moving the whole body as a unit

Answer 31

logrolling

Question 32

_________: plastic-like material that reduces friction and can be used for bed-linen changes, repositioning, or transferring

Answer 32

transfer/slide board

Question 33

_____ should be used for patients with unsteady gait or generalized weakness

Answer 33

gait belts

(nurse should stand on the patient’s weaker side)

Question 34

when transferring a patient from a bed to chair the chair should be placed on what side of the patient

Answer 34

their strong side

Question 35

when transferring a patient from a bed to chair assist the patient to what position on the edge of the bed

Answer 35

dangle position with the feet flat on the floor

Question 36

when applying a gait belt where should you stand in relation to the patient

Answer 36

in front of them and block their feet and knees with yours

Question 37

after the patient stands when transferring from bed to chair you should hold the gait belt and _____ the patient until the back of their legs touch the chair

Answer 37

pivot

Question 38

________ are hand-operated or electrically operated and used to prevent injury to caregivers when transferring a patient

Answer 38

mechanical lifts

Question 39

the top of a cane should be level with what

Answer 39

the hip joint

Question 40

what side of the patient should a cane be held on

Answer 40

the stronger side

(move the cane forward, then the weaker side)

Question 41

crutches should fit _____ between the top of the crutch and the axilla

Answer 41

2in or three finger widths

Question 42

the _____ crutch walking technique is used by patients who have injury to one leg

Answer 42

three-point

Question 43

to use a front wheel walker a patient must be able to do what

Answer 43

bear weight on both legs