Activity, Mobility, and Safe Movement Flashcards
what three systems work together to ensure a person’s ability to move and maintain posture, alignment, and balance
musculoskeletal, neurologic, cardiopulmonary
______: lack of muscle tone that may result from a lack of physical activity or neurologic impairmnet
flaccidity or hypotonicity
_____: reduced blood flow to the brain
ischemia
______: weakness on one side of the body as a result of ischemia
hemiparesis
_______: inability to move all four extremities as a result of ischemia
A. Quadriplegia
______: paralysis of one side of the body as a result of ischemia
B. Hemiplegia
_______: lower body paralysis as a result of ischemia
C. Paraplegia
immobility predisposes a person to what (5)
- weakness
- decreased muscle tone
- decreased bone and muscle mass
- potential muscle atrophy (wasting away)
- potential contracture (permanent fixation of a joint)
joint contractures begin how soon after disuse
within hours of disuse
_______: a contracture that results in permanent plantar flexion
footdrop
_________: loss of bone mass resulting from lack of activity
disuse osteoporosis
________: spontaneous breaks without trauma
pathologic bone fractures
______ = balance
equilibrium
______: a safety strategy in which the patient sits up on the side of the bed prior to standing
dandling
(important to prevent injury in previously non-abmulatory patients)
_____: manner of walking
gait
______: death of cells, tissue, or organs and can be a result of immobility
necrosis
_______: pressure sores, bed sores, or decubitus ulcers and can be a result of immobility
pressure ulcers
the _____ scale can be used to identify patients at risk for compromised skin integrity
braden
what should be included when documenting about patient positioning
- schedule of positions
- patient response, assistance, pain/discomfort with positioning
- time when repositioned
- current position, body alignment
a ______ is a triangular device suspended above the bed that is fastened to an overhead bar attached to the bed frame
trapeze bar
(patient’s must have equal bilateral upper-extremity strength to use)
(can be used to assist with repositioning and decrease the risk of shearing)
_____ are used on extremities to keep joints in functional positions
splints and braces
______: degrees of motion of a joint
range of motion
______: full range of motion
active range of motion
_________: nurse passively moves each joint to the point of resistance while evaluating patient comfort level
passive range of motion
_______ are used to apply pressure to the calf to promote venous return
- Prevent edema to lower extremities
- Prevent deep vein thrombosis and venous stasis
- Promote blood flow of venous return
- Ultimately, prevent pulmonary emboli
antiembolism hose
______ provide protection of bony prominences against skin breakdown; prevent friction between skin and sheets
heel protectors
foam or gel combination mattresses reduce ______
pressure
______: a bed that uses multiple air-filled cushions and varying amounts of air to reduce pressure or alleviate decubitus ulcers
low air-loss bed
a _____ bed used airflow to move silicone particles within the bed to create a watery, fluid-like movement resulting in lower pressure or to alleviate decubitus ulcers
air-fluidized bed
maintain a _____ base of support to provide stability and lower your center of gravity
wide
______: moving the whole body as a unit
logrolling
_________: plastic-like material that reduces friction and can be used for bed-linen changes, repositioning, or transferring
transfer/slide board
_____ should be used for patients with unsteady gait or generalized weakness
gait belts
(nurse should stand on the patient’s weaker side)
when transferring a patient from a bed to chair the chair should be placed on what side of the patient
their strong side
when transferring a patient from a bed to chair assist the patient to what position on the edge of the bed
dangle position with the feet flat on the floor
when applying a gait belt where should you stand in relation to the patient
in front of them and block their feet and knees with yours
after the patient stands when transferring from bed to chair you should hold the gait belt and _____ the patient until the back of their legs touch the chair
pivot
________ are hand-operated or electrically operated and used to prevent injury to caregivers when transferring a patient
mechanical lifts
the top of a cane should be level with what
the hip joint
what side of the patient should a cane be held on
the stronger side
(move the cane forward, then the weaker side)
crutches should fit _____ between the top of the crutch and the axilla
2in or three finger widths
the _____ crutch walking technique is used by patients who have injury to one leg
three-point
to use a front wheel walker a patient must be able to do what
bear weight on both legs
