Active transport

Question 1

What do many biological processes rely on?

Answer 1

Presence of conc gradients

Question 2

How do we achieve presence of conc gradients?

Answer 2

Particles moved against conc gradient faster than they move towards it

Question 3

Does active transport require energy?

Answer 3

Yes - sourced from ATP

Question 4

Define active transport:

Answer 4

Movement of molecules in + out of cell from low conc to high conc

Question 5

How can we carry out active transport?

Answer 5

Carrier proteins span the membrane + act as a pump

Question 6

What is the 1st part of active transport process?

Answer 6

1. Molecule needing to be transferred binds to receptors in channel of carrier protein on outside of cell
2. Only inside of cell, ATP binds to carrier protein + is hydrolysed into ADP and Pi
3. Bonding of phosphate to carrier protein causes protein to change shape - opening inside of cell

Question 7

What is the 2nd part of active transport process?

Answer 7

4. Molecule is released to inside of cell
5. Phosphate molecule is released from carrier protein + recombines ADP and Pi to form ATP
6. Carrier protein returns to original shape