Activate 2 Biology Chapter 1 1.1-1.8 Flashcards
Name the seven nutrients.
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water, and fibre.
To remain healthy you must eat a __. This means eating food containing the __ in the _ amounts.
Balanced diet, right nutrients, correct.
What do lipids do?
They provide you with a store of energy, keep you warm, and protect organs.
Why do you need vitamin A?
To maintain good eyesight.
Why do you need vitamin D?
For healthy teeth and bones.
How do you test for starch?
Using iodine.
How do you test for lipids?
Using ethanol.
How do you test for sugar?
Using Benedict’s solution.
How do you test for protein?
Copper sulfate and sodium hydroxide.
What is the color change if starch is present?
Blue-Black
What is the color change if lipids is present?
Cloudy.
What is the color change if sugar is present?
Can be orange or red.
What is the color change if protein is present?
Purple.
Where does your energy come from?
Your food.
Why is it unhealthy to be underweight?
Because you often suffer from health problems, such as a poor immune system. Lack of energy, and are likely to suffer from a lack of vitamins or minerals.
Why is it unhealthy to be overweight?
Because you have an increased risk of heart disease, storke, diabetes, and some cancers.
What are vitamin and mineral deficiencies?
This is when a person doesn’t have enough of a certain vitamin or mineral.
What is the condition when you have a deficiency of Vitamin D?
Rickets.
What is the digestive system?
It is a group of organs that work together to break down food.
What happens during digestion?
Big molecules are digested into smaller nutrient molecules.
Name the structure of the digestive system.
Mouth-Gullet-Stomach-Small intestine-Large intestine-Rectum-Anus.
What happens in the rectum?
Feces are stored here until they leave the body.
What happens in the gullet?
Food passes down this tube.
What happens in the stomach?
Food is mixed with digestive juices and acids.
What happens in the mouth?
Food is chewed and mixed with saliva. Teeth help to break the food into smaller chunks.
What happens in the
small intestine?
Digestive juices from the liver and pancreas are added and digestion is completed. Small molecules of nutrients pass through the intestine wall into the bloodstream. The small intestine also contains villi, which stick out of the wall and give it a big surface area so that they can absorb food molecules faster.
What happens in the large intestine?
Water passes back into the body, leaving solid waste of undigested food called feces.
What happens at the anus?
Where feces are passed out of the body.
What are enzymes also known as and what do they do?
Biological catalysts, and they speed up digestion without being used up.
What does carbohydrase break down and what does it break down into? Where is it found?
Carbohydrates, sugar molecules. Mouth, stomach, and small intestine.
What does lipase break down and what does it break down into? What is it helped by? Where is it found?
Lipids, fatty acid and glycerol. Bile. Small intestine.
What does protease break down and what does it break down into? Where is it found?
Protein, amino acids. Stomach, small intestine.
Name the two types of drugs.
Recreational and medicinal drugs.
Name 2 recreational drugs.
Ectasy, and Cannabis etc.
Name 2 medicinal drugs.
Paracetamol and antibiotics.
True or False, recreational drugs are perscribed by doctors.
False.
Do medicinal drugs benefit your health?
Yes.
What does alcohol contain?
Ethanol.
What is ethanol?
It is a depressant.
What does depressant mean?
It slows down the body’s reactions.
List 4 long term effects of alcohol.
Stomach ulcers, heart disease, brain damage, and liver damage.
Name the negative effects of nicotine?
This narrows the blood vessels and the heart beats faster. This drug also speeds up the nervous system.
Name the negative effects of tar?
A sticky black material that collects in the lungs. It irritates and narrows the airway, and some of the chemicals contain cause cancer.
What are the negative effects of carbon monoxide?
A poisonous gas that stops the blood from carrying as much oxygen as it should.
What can smoking cause?
Heart disease- Higher blood pressure, emphysema, respiratory infections, teeth turns yellow. Smokers also cough a lot. Also, it damages the cilia.
