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3 - Musculoskeletal > Actions and innervations > Flashcards

Actions and innervations Flashcards

1
Q

Action of the superior fibres of the trapezius

A

Elevate the scapula

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2
Q

Action of the middle fibres of the trapezius

A

Retract (adduct) the scapula

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3
Q

Action of the inferior fibres of the trapezius

A

Depress the scapula

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4
Q

Innervation of the trapezius

A

Accessory nerve (CrN. XI)

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5
Q

Action of teres major

A

Adduction
Extension
Medial rotation

of the shoulder joint

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6
Q

Action of the biceps brachii

A

Flexion of the elbow and shoulder

A powerful supinator of the radioulnar joint

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7
Q

Action of the anterior fibres of the deltoid

A

Flexion and medial rotation at the shoulder joint

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8
Q

Action of the middle fibres of the deltoid

A

The main abductor at the shoulder joint

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9
Q

Action of the posterior fibres of the deltoid

A

Extension at the shoulder joint

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10
Q

Nerve supply to the deltoid

A

The axillary nerve

commonly damaged in a shoulder dislocation/ fracture of the humeral surgical neck

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11
Q

Main action of serratus anterior

A

Protraction of scapula

also stabilises the scapula during limb movements and keeps it pulled against the thoracic cage

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12
Q

Nerve supply of serratus anterior

A

Long thoracic nerve

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13
Q

Action of the anconeus

A

extends and stabilises the elbow joint

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14
Q

muscles of supination

A

BICEPS BRACHII

supinator muscle

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15
Q

muscles of pronation

A

PRONATOR QUADRATUS

pronator teres

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16
Q

Actions of brachioradialis

A

Pronation and supination but only into the midline
Flexion (only in the mid-position)

*puts the arm into the position where it will be strongest

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17
Q

Muscles that elevate the scapula

A

Superior fibres of the trapezius

Levator scapulae

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18
Q

Muscles that depress the scapula

A

Inferior fibres of the trapezius
Serratus anterior
Latissimus dorsi
Pectoralis minor

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19
Q

Muscles that cause protraction/abduction of the scapulae

A

serratus anterior

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20
Q

Muscles that cause retraction/ adduction of the scapulae

A

middle fibres of the trapezius

rhomboids

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21
Q

Muscles that cause lateral/upward rotation of the scapulae

A

trapezius

serratus anterior

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22
Q

Muscles that cause medial/downward rotation

A

levator scapulae
pectoralis minor
rhomboids

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23
Q

Muscles that cause flexion of the shoulder

A

Pectoralis major
Anterior deltoid
Coracobrachialis

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24
Q

Muscles that cause extension of the shoulder

A

Posterior deltoid
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major

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25
Muscles that cause abduction of the shoulder
Middle fibres of the deltoid | Supraspinatus (first 15 degrees)
26
Muscles that cause adduction of the shoulder
Pectoralis major Latissimus dorsi Teres major
27
Muscles that cause lateral/external rotation of the shoulder
Infraspinatus | teres minor
28
Muscles that cause medial/internal rotation of the shoulder
``` subscapularis pectoralis major latissimus dorsi teres major anterior fibres of the deltoid ```
29
Actions of extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
Abduction(radial deviation) and extension at the wrist joint
30
Muscles that extend/abduct the thumb
Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Extensor pollicis longus
31
Which nerve innervates all the muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm? (inc. brachioradialis)
Radial nerve
32
Innervation of the superficial muscles of the anterior forearm* (except flexor carpi ulnaris)
median nerve * pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus
33
Innervation of flexor carpi ulnaris
Ulnar nerve
34
The only muscles that can flex the wrist and all joints of the fingers is the...
Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)
35
Which nerve innervates the hypothenar muscles?
ulnar nerve
36
Actions of the lumbricals
Flexion at the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint Extension of the interphalangeal joints (PIP + DIP) (of the 2nd to 5th digits) *same in the feet (replace MCP w/ MTP)
37
Innervation of the lumbricals
``` Radial 2 (1st and 2nd): median nerve Ulnar 2 (3rd and 4th): ulnar nerve ```
38
Actions of the interossei
Dorsal: Abduct Palmar: Adduct *same in hands and feet
39
Intrinsic muscles of the hand that are NOT supplied by the ulnar nerve...
thenar muscles 1st and 2nd (lateral) lumbricals *both supplied by median nerve
40
The majority of the intrinsic muscles of the hand are supplied by the...
ulnar nerve
41
Which muscles cause ulnar deviation (adduction)?
Combined action of | extensor carpi ulnaris + flexor carpi ulnaris
42
Which muscles cause radial deviation (abduction)?
Combined action of... flexor carpi radialis, extensor carpi radialis longus + extensor carpi radialis brevis AND abductor pollicis longus
43
Actions of the levator scapulae
Elevation Medial / downward rotation - of the scapula
44
Actions of the rhomboids (minor and major)
Retraction/ adduction Medial/downward rotation - of the scapula
45
Actions of pectoralis major
Adduction Medial rotation - of the shoulder
46
Actions of pectoralis minor
Medial/downward rotation Depression Protraction/ abduction - of the scapula
47
Actions of latissimus dorsi and teres major
Extension Adduction Medial rotation - of the shoulder
48
Actions of the rotator-cuff muscles
Teres minor + infraspinatus = lateral rotation Subscapularis = medial rotation Supraspinatus = abduction (1st 15 degrees)
49
The musculocutaneous nerve innervates...
The anterior arm muscles: - biceps brachii - brachialis - coracobrachialis
50
Actions of triceps brachii
Elbow extension
51
Triceps brachii and anconeus are innervated by...
radial nerve
52
Actions of flexor carpi radialis
Wrist flexion | Radial deviation
53
Actions of palmaris longus
Wrist flexion
54
Actions of flexor carpi ulnaris
Wrist flexion | Ulnar deviation
55
Except for pronator teres, all superficial muscles of the anterior forearm...
Flex the wrist
56
Actions of flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)
Flexion of the... Wrist MCP joints PIP joints (proximal interphalangeal) (of 2nd-5th digits, not thumb)
57
Innervation of flexor digitorum superficialis
Median nerve
58
Actions of flexor digitorum profundus
``` Flexion of the... Wrist MCP joints PIP joints DIP joins ``` (of 2nd-5th digits, not thumb)
59
innervation of flexor digitorum profundus
``` Medial digits (small + ring): ulnar nerve Lateral digits (long + index): median nerve ```
60
Innervation of flexor pollicis longus
Median nerve
61
Innervation of pronator quadratus
Median nerve
62
Muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm that are NOT supplied by the median nerve
Flexor carpi ulnaris = ulnar | Medial part of FDP = ulnar
63
Actions of extensor carpi ulnaris
Wrist extension | Ulnar deviation
64
Actions of extensor digitorum
Wrist and finger extension
65
Which forearm muscle(s) extend the index finger
extensor indicis
66
Which forearm muscle(s) extend the small finger
extensor digiti minimi
67
Which forearm muscle(s) extend the thumb
Extensor pollicis longus and brevis
68
Which forearm muscle(s) flex the thumb
Flexor pollicis longus
69
which forearm muscle(s) abduct the thumb
Abductor pollicis longus
70
Innervation of the thenar muscles
Median nerve
71
Actions of the hypothenar muscles
Abductor digiti minimi = small finger abduction Flexor digiti minimi = small finger flexion Opponens digiti minimi = brings small finger into opposition with thumb
72
Which muscle(s) adduct the thumb
Adductor pollicis
73
Innervation of adductor pollicis
Ulnar nerve
74
Innervation of the interossei muscles
Ulnar nerve
75
The radial nerve innervates...
The posterior arm | The posterior forearm
76
The median nerve innervates...
Most of the anterior forearm (not FCU or medial FDP) Thenar muscles + lateral lumbricals
77
The ulnar nerve innervates...
Most of the muscles of the hand (not thenar or lateral lumbricals) Flexor carpi ulnaris + medial FDP
78
Action of iliacus and psoas major (forming iliopsoas)
Chief flexors of the hip
79
Actions of sartorius
Hip: flexion abduction, lateral rotation Knee: flexion
80
Actions of rectus femoris
Flexes hip* Extends knee (*the only head of quadriceps femoris that acts on the hip)
81
Actions of quadriceps femoris (except rectus femoris) - vastus medialis - vastus intermedius - vastus lateralis
Extend the knee | Stabilise the patella
82
Innervation of the anterior thigh* + iliopsoas | *sartorius + quadriceps femoris
Femoral nerve
83
Innervation of the short head of biceps femoris
Common fibular nerve
84
Actions of the hamstrings
Hip extension | Knee flexion
85
Innervation of the hamstrings - long head of biceps femoris - semitendinosus - semimembranosus
Tibial nerve
86
Actions of gluteus maximus
Main hip extensor | Lateral rotation of the hip
87
Innervation of gluteus maximus
Inferior gluteal nerve
88
Actions of the deep gluteal muscles - piriformis - superior gemellus - obturator internus - inferior gemellus - quadratus femoris
Lateral (external) rotation of the hip Stabilisers of the hip joint
89
Actions of the tensor fascia latae
Medial (internal) rotation of the hip Hip abduction (same as gluteus minimus and medius)
90
Actions of gluteus minimus and medius
Anterior fibres = medial rotation Hip abduction (same as tensor fascia lata)
91
The superior gluteal nerve innervates...
Tensor fascia latae Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus
92
Common action of all medial thigh muscles - pectineus - obturator externus - adductor brevis - adductor longus - adductor magnus - gracilis
Hip adduction
93
Actions of pectineus
Hip adduction | Hip flexion
94
Innervation of pectineus
femoral nerve
95
Actions of adductor magnus
Hip adduction | Posterior part: hip extension
96
Actions of gracilis
Hip adduction | Knee flexion
97
Innervation of all medial thigh muscles (except pectineus)
Obturator nerve
98
Action of all anterior leg muscles - tibialis anterior - extensor digitorum longus - extensor hallucis longus - fibularis tertius
Ankle dorsiflexion | Toe extension
99
Innervation of all anterior leg muscles - tibialis anterior - extensor digitorum longus - extensor hallucis longus - fibularis tertius
Deep fibular nerve
100
Actions of lateral leg muscles (fibularis longus and brevis)
Eversion | Weak plantarflexion
101
innervation of lateral leg muscles (fibularis longus and brevis)
Superficial fibular nerve
102
Actions of the superficial posterior leg muscles - gastrocnemius - soleus - plantaris
Plantarflexion | gastrocs and plantaris also assist with knee flexion
103
Innervation of the superficial posterior leg muscles - gastrocnemius - soleus - plantaris
Tibial nerve
104
Actions of popliteus
"unlocks" the knee for flexion by rotating the femur laterally on tibia
105
Innervation of popliteus
Tibial nerve
106
Actions of tibialis posterior
plantarflexion
107
Actions of flexor digitorum longus | leg
Plantarflexion | Toe flexion
108
Actions of flexor hallucis longus
Great toe flexion
109
Innervation of all of the intrinsic muscles of the foot
Medial and lateral plantar nerves
110
Actions of quadratus plantae
Assists with toe flexion
111
The great toe is abducted by...
Abductor hallucis
112
The 5th toe is abducted by...
Abductor digiti minimi
113
Which intrinsic foot muscle(s) flex the toes (2nd - 5th)
Flexor digitorum brevis
114
The femoral nerve innervates...
Iliopsoas Anterior thigh muscles (sartorius + quadriceps femoris) Pectineus
115
The common fibular nerve innervates...
Short head of biceps femoris
116
The tibial nerve innervates...
Hamstrings superficial + deep posterior leg muscles popliteus
117
The inferior gluteal nerve innervates...
Gluteus maximus
118
The obturator nerve innervates...
all medial thigh muscles (except pectineus) = obturator externus, adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus, gracilis
119
The deep fibular nerve innervates...
All anterior leg muscles - tibialis anterior - extensor digitorum longus - extensor hallucis longus - fibularis tertius
120
The superficial fibular nerve innervates...
the lateral leg muscles (fibularis longus and brevis)
121
Muscles causing elbow flexion
Biceps brachii Brachialis Brachioradialis
122
Muscles causing elbow extension
Triceps brachii | Anconeus
123
Muscles causing wrist flexion
``` Flexor carpi radialis Palmaris longus Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor digitorum profundus ```
124
Muscles causing wrist extension
Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor digitorum
125
Muscles causing hip flexion
ILIOPSOAS Sartorius Rectus femoris Pectineus
126
Muscles causing hip abduction
Iliopsoas Sartorius Tensor fascia latae Gluteus minimus and medius
127
Muscles causing lateral (external) rotation of the hip
Sartorius Gluteus maximus Deep gluteal muscles
128
Muscles causing medial (internal) rotation of the hip
Tensor fascia latae | Anterior fibres of gluteus medius and minimus
129
Muscles causing hip extension
GLUTEUS MAXIMUS Hamstrings Posterior part of adductor magnus
130
Muscles causing knee flexion
Sartorius Hamstrings Gracilis Gastrocnemius
131
Muscles causing knee extension
All heads of quadriceps femoris
132
Muscles causing dorsiflexion
All anterior leg muscles - tibialis anterior - extensor digitorum longus - extensor hallucis longus - fibularis tertius
133
Muscles causing plantarflexion
``` Gastrocnemius Plantaris Soleus Tibialis posterior Flexor digitorum longus (fibularis longus and brevis) ```
134
Muscles causing eversion
Fibularis longus and brevis + fibularis tertius
135
Muscles causing inversion
Tibialis anterior and posterior
136
Innervation of iliacus
Femoral nerve
137
Innervation of psoas major
Anterior rami L1-3
138
Muscles making up layer 1 (superficial) plantar foot
Adductor hallucis Flexor digitorum brevis (flexes PIPs) Abductor digiti minimi (quadratus plantae = layer 2)

3 - Musculoskeletal (7 decks)

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