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3 - Musculoskeletal > Actions and innervations > Flashcards

Actions and innervations Flashcards

1
Q

Action of the superior fibres of the trapezius

A

Elevate the scapula

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2
Q

Action of the middle fibres of the trapezius

A

Retract (adduct) the scapula

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3
Q

Action of the inferior fibres of the trapezius

A

Depress the scapula

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4
Q

Innervation of the trapezius

A

Accessory nerve (CrN. XI)

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5
Q

Action of teres major

A

Adduction
Extension
Medial rotation

of the shoulder joint

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6
Q

Action of the biceps brachii

A

Flexion of the elbow and shoulder

A powerful supinator of the radioulnar joint

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7
Q

Action of the anterior fibres of the deltoid

A

Flexion and medial rotation at the shoulder joint

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8
Q

Action of the middle fibres of the deltoid

A

The main abductor at the shoulder joint

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9
Q

Action of the posterior fibres of the deltoid

A

Extension at the shoulder joint

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10
Q

Nerve supply to the deltoid

A

The axillary nerve

commonly damaged in a shoulder dislocation/ fracture of the humeral surgical neck

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11
Q

Main action of serratus anterior

A

Protraction of scapula

also stabilises the scapula during limb movements and keeps it pulled against the thoracic cage

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12
Q

Nerve supply of serratus anterior

A

Long thoracic nerve

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13
Q

Action of the anconeus

A

extends and stabilises the elbow joint

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14
Q

muscles of supination

A

BICEPS BRACHII

supinator muscle

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15
Q

muscles of pronation

A

PRONATOR QUADRATUS

pronator teres

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16
Q

Actions of brachioradialis

A

Pronation and supination but only into the midline
Flexion (only in the mid-position)

*puts the arm into the position where it will be strongest

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17
Q

Muscles that elevate the scapula

A

Superior fibres of the trapezius

Levator scapulae

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18
Q

Muscles that depress the scapula

A

Inferior fibres of the trapezius
Serratus anterior
Latissimus dorsi
Pectoralis minor

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19
Q

Muscles that cause protraction/abduction of the scapulae

A

serratus anterior

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20
Q

Muscles that cause retraction/ adduction of the scapulae

A

middle fibres of the trapezius

rhomboids

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21
Q

Muscles that cause lateral/upward rotation of the scapulae

A

trapezius

serratus anterior

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22
Q

Muscles that cause medial/downward rotation

A

levator scapulae
pectoralis minor
rhomboids

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23
Q

Muscles that cause flexion of the shoulder

A

Pectoralis major
Anterior deltoid
Coracobrachialis

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24
Q

Muscles that cause extension of the shoulder

A

Posterior deltoid
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major

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25
Q

Muscles that cause abduction of the shoulder

A

Middle fibres of the deltoid

Supraspinatus (first 15 degrees)

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26
Q

Muscles that cause adduction of the shoulder

A

Pectoralis major
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major

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27
Q

Muscles that cause lateral/external rotation of the shoulder

A

Infraspinatus

teres minor

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28
Q

Muscles that cause medial/internal rotation of the shoulder

A 
subscapularis
pectoralis major
latissimus dorsi
teres major
anterior fibres of the deltoid
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29
Q

Actions of extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis

A

Abduction(radial deviation) and extension at the wrist joint

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30
Q

Muscles that extend/abduct the thumb

A

Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Extensor pollicis longus

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31
Q

Which nerve innervates all the muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm? (inc. brachioradialis)

A

Radial nerve

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32
Q

Innervation of the superficial muscles of the anterior forearm* (except flexor carpi ulnaris)

A

median nerve

  • pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus
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33
Q

Innervation of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Ulnar nerve

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34
Q

The only muscles that can flex the wrist and all joints of the fingers is the…

A

Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)

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35
Q

Which nerve innervates the hypothenar muscles?

A

ulnar nerve

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36
Q

Actions of the lumbricals

A

Flexion at the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint
Extension of the interphalangeal joints (PIP + DIP)

(of the 2nd to 5th digits)

*same in the feet (replace MCP w/ MTP)

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37
Q

Innervation of the lumbricals

A 
Radial 2 (1st and 2nd): median nerve
Ulnar 2 (3rd and 4th): ulnar nerve
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38
Q

Actions of the interossei

A

Dorsal: Abduct
Palmar: Adduct

*same in hands and feet

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39
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the hand that are NOT supplied by the ulnar nerve…

A

thenar muscles
1st and 2nd (lateral) lumbricals

*both supplied by median nerve

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40
Q

The majority of the intrinsic muscles of the hand are supplied by the…

A

ulnar nerve

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41
Q

Which muscles cause ulnar deviation (adduction)?

A

Combined action of

extensor carpi ulnaris + flexor carpi ulnaris

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42
Q

Which muscles cause radial deviation (abduction)?

A

Combined action of…
flexor carpi radialis, extensor carpi radialis longus + extensor carpi radialis brevis
AND abductor pollicis longus

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43
Q

Actions of the levator scapulae

A

Elevation
Medial / downward rotation

  • of the scapula
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44
Q

Actions of the rhomboids (minor and major)

A

Retraction/ adduction
Medial/downward rotation

  • of the scapula
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45
Q

Actions of pectoralis major

A

Adduction
Medial rotation

  • of the shoulder
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46
Q

Actions of pectoralis minor

A

Medial/downward rotation
Depression
Protraction/ abduction

  • of the scapula
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47
Q

Actions of latissimus dorsi and teres major

A

Extension
Adduction
Medial rotation

  • of the shoulder
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48
Q

Actions of the rotator-cuff muscles

A

Teres minor + infraspinatus = lateral rotation
Subscapularis = medial rotation
Supraspinatus = abduction (1st 15 degrees)

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49
Q

The musculocutaneous nerve innervates…

A

The anterior arm muscles:

  • biceps brachii
  • brachialis
  • coracobrachialis
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50
Q

Actions of triceps brachii

A

Elbow extension

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51
Q

Triceps brachii and anconeus are innervated by…

A

radial nerve

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52
Q

Actions of flexor carpi radialis

A

Wrist flexion

Radial deviation

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53
Q

Actions of palmaris longus

A

Wrist flexion

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54
Q

Actions of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Wrist flexion

Ulnar deviation

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55
Q

Except for pronator teres, all superficial muscles of the anterior forearm…

A

Flex the wrist

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56
Q

Actions of flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)

A

Flexion of the…
Wrist
MCP joints
PIP joints (proximal interphalangeal)

(of 2nd-5th digits, not thumb)

57
Q

Innervation of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Median nerve

58
Q

Actions of flexor digitorum profundus

A 
Flexion of the...
Wrist
MCP joints
PIP joints
DIP joins

(of 2nd-5th digits, not thumb)

59
Q

innervation of flexor digitorum profundus

A 
Medial digits (small + ring): ulnar nerve
Lateral digits (long + index): median nerve
60
Q

Innervation of flexor pollicis longus

A

Median nerve

61
Q

Innervation of pronator quadratus

A

Median nerve

62
Q

Muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm that are NOT supplied by the median nerve

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris = ulnar

Medial part of FDP = ulnar

63
Q

Actions of extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Wrist extension

Ulnar deviation

64
Q

Actions of extensor digitorum

A

Wrist and finger extension

65
Q

Which forearm muscle(s) extend the index finger

A

extensor indicis

66
Q

Which forearm muscle(s) extend the small finger

A

extensor digiti minimi

67
Q

Which forearm muscle(s) extend the thumb

A

Extensor pollicis longus and brevis

68
Q

Which forearm muscle(s) flex the thumb

A

Flexor pollicis longus

69
Q

which forearm muscle(s) abduct the thumb

A

Abductor pollicis longus

70
Q

Innervation of the thenar muscles

A

Median nerve

71
Q

Actions of the hypothenar muscles

A

Abductor digiti minimi = small finger abduction
Flexor digiti minimi = small finger flexion
Opponens digiti minimi = brings small finger into opposition with thumb

72
Q

Which muscle(s) adduct the thumb

A

Adductor pollicis

73
Q

Innervation of adductor pollicis

A

Ulnar nerve

74
Q

Innervation of the interossei muscles

A

Ulnar nerve

75
Q

The radial nerve innervates…

A

The posterior arm

The posterior forearm

76
Q

The median nerve innervates…

A

Most of the anterior forearm (not FCU or medial FDP)

Thenar muscles + lateral lumbricals

77
Q

The ulnar nerve innervates…

A

Most of the muscles of the hand (not thenar or lateral lumbricals)

Flexor carpi ulnaris + medial FDP

78
Q

Action of iliacus and psoas major (forming iliopsoas)

A

Chief flexors of the hip

79
Q

Actions of sartorius

A

Hip: flexion abduction, lateral rotation
Knee: flexion

80
Q

Actions of rectus femoris

A

Flexes hip*
Extends knee

(*the only head of quadriceps femoris that acts on the hip)

81
Q

Actions of quadriceps femoris (except rectus femoris)

  • vastus medialis
  • vastus intermedius
  • vastus lateralis
A

Extend the knee

Stabilise the patella

82
Q

Innervation of the anterior thigh* + iliopsoas

*sartorius + quadriceps femoris

A

Femoral nerve

83
Q

Innervation of the short head of biceps femoris

A

Common fibular nerve

84
Q

Actions of the hamstrings

A

Hip extension

Knee flexion

85
Q

Innervation of the hamstrings

  • long head of biceps femoris
  • semitendinosus
  • semimembranosus
A

Tibial nerve

86
Q

Actions of gluteus maximus

A

Main hip extensor

Lateral rotation of the hip

87
Q

Innervation of gluteus maximus

A

Inferior gluteal nerve

88
Q

Actions of the deep gluteal muscles

  • piriformis
  • superior gemellus
  • obturator internus
  • inferior gemellus
  • quadratus femoris
A

Lateral (external) rotation of the hip

Stabilisers of the hip joint

89
Q

Actions of the tensor fascia latae

A

Medial (internal) rotation of the hip
Hip abduction

(same as gluteus minimus and medius)

90
Q

Actions of gluteus minimus and medius

A

Anterior fibres = medial rotation
Hip abduction

(same as tensor fascia lata)

91
Q

The superior gluteal nerve innervates…

A

Tensor fascia latae
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus

92
Q

Common action of all medial thigh muscles

  • pectineus
  • obturator externus
  • adductor brevis
  • adductor longus
  • adductor magnus
  • gracilis
A

Hip adduction

93
Q

Actions of pectineus

A

Hip adduction

Hip flexion

94
Q

Innervation of pectineus

A

femoral nerve

95
Q

Actions of adductor magnus

A

Hip adduction

Posterior part: hip extension

96
Q

Actions of gracilis

A

Hip adduction

Knee flexion

97
Q

Innervation of all medial thigh muscles (except pectineus)

A

Obturator nerve

98
Q

Action of all anterior leg muscles

  • tibialis anterior
  • extensor digitorum longus
  • extensor hallucis longus
  • fibularis tertius
A

Ankle dorsiflexion

Toe extension

99
Q

Innervation of all anterior leg muscles

  • tibialis anterior
  • extensor digitorum longus
  • extensor hallucis longus
  • fibularis tertius
A

Deep fibular nerve

100
Q

Actions of lateral leg muscles (fibularis longus and brevis)

A

Eversion

Weak plantarflexion

101
Q

innervation of lateral leg muscles (fibularis longus and brevis)

A

Superficial fibular nerve

102
Q

Actions of the superficial posterior leg muscles

  • gastrocnemius
  • soleus
  • plantaris
A

Plantarflexion

gastrocs and plantaris also assist with knee flexion

103
Q

Innervation of the superficial posterior leg muscles

  • gastrocnemius
  • soleus
  • plantaris
A

Tibial nerve

104
Q

Actions of popliteus

A

“unlocks” the knee for flexion by rotating the femur laterally on tibia

105
Q

Innervation of popliteus

A

Tibial nerve

106
Q

Actions of tibialis posterior

A

plantarflexion

107
Q

Actions of flexor digitorum longus

leg

A

Plantarflexion

Toe flexion

108
Q

Actions of flexor hallucis longus

A

Great toe flexion

109
Q

Innervation of all of the intrinsic muscles of the foot

A

Medial and lateral plantar nerves

110
Q

Actions of quadratus plantae

A

Assists with toe flexion

111
Q

The great toe is abducted by…

A

Abductor hallucis

112
Q

The 5th toe is abducted by…

A

Abductor digiti minimi

113
Q

Which intrinsic foot muscle(s) flex the toes (2nd - 5th)

A

Flexor digitorum brevis

114
Q

The femoral nerve innervates…

A

Iliopsoas
Anterior thigh muscles (sartorius + quadriceps femoris)
Pectineus

115
Q

The common fibular nerve innervates…

A

Short head of biceps femoris

116
Q

The tibial nerve innervates…

A

Hamstrings
superficial + deep posterior leg muscles
popliteus

117
Q

The inferior gluteal nerve innervates…

A

Gluteus maximus

118
Q

The obturator nerve innervates…

A

all medial thigh muscles (except pectineus)

= obturator externus, adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus, gracilis

119
Q

The deep fibular nerve innervates…

A

All anterior leg muscles

  • tibialis anterior
  • extensor digitorum longus
  • extensor hallucis longus
  • fibularis tertius
120
Q

The superficial fibular nerve innervates…

A

the lateral leg muscles (fibularis longus and brevis)

121
Q

Muscles causing elbow flexion

A

Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis

122
Q

Muscles causing elbow extension

A

Triceps brachii

Anconeus

123
Q

Muscles causing wrist flexion

A 
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
124
Q

Muscles causing wrist extension

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor digitorum

125
Q

Muscles causing hip flexion

A

ILIOPSOAS
Sartorius
Rectus femoris
Pectineus

126
Q

Muscles causing hip abduction

A

Iliopsoas
Sartorius
Tensor fascia latae
Gluteus minimus and medius

127
Q

Muscles causing lateral (external) rotation of the hip

A

Sartorius
Gluteus maximus
Deep gluteal muscles

128
Q

Muscles causing medial (internal) rotation of the hip

A

Tensor fascia latae

Anterior fibres of gluteus medius and minimus

129
Q

Muscles causing hip extension

A

GLUTEUS MAXIMUS
Hamstrings
Posterior part of adductor magnus

130
Q

Muscles causing knee flexion

A

Sartorius
Hamstrings
Gracilis
Gastrocnemius

131
Q

Muscles causing knee extension

A

All heads of quadriceps femoris

132
Q

Muscles causing dorsiflexion

A

All anterior leg muscles

  • tibialis anterior
  • extensor digitorum longus
  • extensor hallucis longus
  • fibularis tertius
133
Q

Muscles causing plantarflexion

A 
Gastrocnemius 
Plantaris
Soleus
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
(fibularis longus and brevis)
134
Q

Muscles causing eversion

A

Fibularis longus and brevis

+ fibularis tertius

135
Q

Muscles causing inversion

A

Tibialis anterior and posterior

136
Q

Innervation of iliacus

A

Femoral nerve

137
Q

Innervation of psoas major

A

Anterior rami L1-3

138
Q

Muscles making up layer 1 (superficial) plantar foot

A

Adductor hallucis
Flexor digitorum brevis (flexes PIPs)
Abductor digiti minimi

(quadratus plantae = layer 2)

3 - Musculoskeletal (7 decks)

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