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Acting Captain Exam > Acting Captain's Exam: Incident Safety Officer Chapter 5 - Building Construction > Flashcards

Acting Captain's Exam: Incident Safety Officer Chapter 5 - Building Construction Flashcards

Building construction

1
Q

A load is imposed through the centroid of another object?

A

Axial load

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2
Q

A construction method in which continuous wood studs from the foundation to the roof and floors are placed on a shelf called ribbon board that hangs on the interior surface of the studs

A

Balloon framing

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3
Q

The structural element that transfers loads perpendicularly to the imposed load

A

Beam

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4
Q

Description for a material that will fracture or fail as it is deformed or stressed past its design limits

A

Brittle

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5
Q

A beam supported at one end or a beam that extends well past the support in such a way that the unsupported overhang placed the top of the beam in tension and the bottom in compression

A

Cantilever beams

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6
Q

The area that is exposed to trauma, debris and/or thrust should a building, or part of a building, collapse. It is a mere specific form of a no entry Zone?

A

Collapse Zone

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7
Q

A structural element that transmits a compressive Force actually through its Center?

A

Column

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8
Q

A force that causes a material to be crushed or flattened actually through the material?

A

Compression

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9
Q

Structural elements used to attach other structural elements to one another?

A

Connection

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10
Q

A beam that is supported in three or more places?

A

Continuous beam

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11
Q

A non load-bearing wall that supports only itself and is used only to keep weather out?

A

Curtain wall

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12
Q

The weight of the building itself and anything permanently attached to it?

A

Dead load

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13
Q

Description for a material that will bend, deflect or stretch as a force is resisted, yet will retain some strength?

A

Ductile

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14
Q

A load that is imposed off-center to another object?

A

Eccentric load

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15
Q

Strict order for all crews to immediately escape from a building interior or roof, leaving hose lines and tools that can impede rapid retreat behind?

A

Emergency evacuation

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16
Q

A host of products that consists of many pieces of native wood (chips, veneers and sawdust) glued together to make a sheet, a long beam or a strong column?

A

engineered wood

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17
Q

temporary Shoring, bracing or framework used to support incomplete structural elements during building construction?

A

False work

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18
Q

The complete failure of a building to resist gravity?

A

General collapse

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19
Q

A beam that carries other beams?

A

Girder

20
Q

a building that is a mix of multiple NFPA 220 types or that does not fit into any of the five types?

A

Hybrid buildings

21
Q

the beam that spans an opening in a load-bearing masonry wall, such as over a garage door opening, often referred to as a header?

A

Lintel

22
Q

Any force or weight, other than the building itself, that a building must carry or absorb?

A

Live load

22
Q

Any force or weight, other than the building itself, that a building must carry or absorb?

A

live load

23
Q

a construction method in which a single story wall is built and the next floor is built on the tops of the wall studs, creating vertical fire stopping to help minimize the fire spread?

A

platform construction framing

24
Q

an event in which the building can accept the failure of a single component and still retain some strength, such as a curtain wall collapse?

A

partial collapse

25
Q

a diagonal brace that serves primarily as a column but must absorb some beam forces as well

A

Raker

26
Q

a force that causes a material to be torn in opposite directions perpendicular or diagonal to the material?

A

Shear

27
Q

the crumbling and loss of concrete material when exposed to heat?

A

Spalling

29
Q

Any seemingly decorative star or other metal plate used to distribute force over more bricks or clocks as part of an unseen corrective measure that exists inside a building?

A

Spreader

29
Q

a force that causes a material to be stretched or pulled apart in line with the material?

A

Tension

30
Q

The primary bearing column, beam or connection used to erect a building are all considered _________ _________ ?

A

structural elements

31
Q

a load that is imposed in a manner that causes another object to twist?

A

Torsional load

32
Q

a series of triangles used to form an open web structural element to act as a beam. In many ways a fake beam, because it uses geometric shapes, lightweight materials and assembly components to transfer loads just like a beam?

A

Truss

33
Q

A decorative wall finish that supports only its own weight?

A

veneer wall

34
Q

the lightweight era building collapses gradually in fire conditions. Is this true or false?

A

False

35
Q

the most common type of construction is…

A

Type V

Wood Frame

36
Q

brown or dark smoke coming from lightweight engineered wood products means that ______
is up.

A

Time

37
Q

Description A:
-Structural elements are of an approved noncombustible or limited combustible material with sufficient fire-resistive ratings to withstand the affects of fire and prevent its spread from storey to storey
-Examples of buildings are high-rises, mega-malls, large stadiums and arenas, large parking garages, and larger hospitals
Due to their size, most buildings rely on protective systems to rapidly detect and extinguish fires

A

Type I: Fire-Resistive

38
Q

what is necessary to cause structural degradation to engineered wood products? (Fire, Fire, Heat, Heat)

A

direct fire
proximity to fire
considerable heat
heated smoke

39
Q

Description B:
- Structural Elements
Are of an approved non-combustible or limited-combustible material
Have sufficient fire-resistive rating to withstand the effects of fire and prevent its spread from story to story
- More often than not, buildings are steel
Fire spread in building is influenced by the contents
Although the structure itself does not “burn”, rapid collapse is possible by means of the burning contents’ heat release, stressing the steel

A

Type II: Non-combustible

40
Q

Description C:

  • Load-bearing walls are noncombustible (masonry) and the roof and floor assemblies are wood.
  • the primary fire and collapse concerns with ordinary construction are the many void spaces in which fire can spread undetected
  • Masonry walls hold heat inside, making for difficult firefighting.
A

Type III: Ordinary

41
Q

Description D:

  • Buildings that have block or brick exterior load bearing walls and interior structural elements of a substantial dimension (Greater than 8 inches (20cm) in thickness and width).
  • A new building in this type is hard to find; the cost of large-dimension lumber and/or laminated wood beams makes this type of construction rare
  • Fire spread can be fast due to wide-open areas and content exposure
  • If the building housed machinery at one time, oil soaked floors add heat to the fire and accelerate collapse.
A

Type IV: Heavy Timber

42
Q

Description E:

  • This is perhaps the most common construction type
  • The primary concern is that they are made from a combustible material
  • Fire and heat that penetrate or degrade the protective drywall wall will then attack the wooden elements, creating a collapse threat, especially in newer buildings
A

Type V: Wood Frame

43
Q

Description F:
- Two common types:
Insulated concrete form (ICF) buildings use expanded polystyrene (EPS) to form a concrete mold for walls
- Structural insulated panel (SIP) buildings are those in which the load-bearing walls and roof are made from panels of OSB and EPS
- Firefighters should expect rapid collapse as a result of the low-mass, high-surface-to-mass exposure of structural elements

A

Type VI: Hybrid

45
Q

List in order the five step analytical approach to predicting building collapse: (BSVEP)

A

1: (Building) Classify building using type/era/use/size approach
2: (Structural Involvement) Determine structural involvement
3: (Visualize) Visualize/trace loads
4: (Evacuation) Evacuation Time
5: (Predict) Predict and communicate collapse potential

46
Q

Identify the correct four construction influences that help the fire officer classify the building: (TUES)

A
  • Type (I/II/III/IV/V/Hybrid)
  • Use (Single Family Dwelling, Multi FD, Main Street retail, Manufacturing, Public Assembly, Institutional, Misc.)
  • Era (Founders, Industrial, Legacy, Lightweight)
  • Size (S/M/L/Big Box, Mega-Box, High Rise)
47
Q

Name 6 classic “LATE” signs of collapse (signs in the building condition)

A
  • bulging walls/cracks in wall
  • sagging
  • signs of construction/alterations
  • water out doesn’t match water in
  • settling noises
  • window fractures/stuck doors

Acting Captain Exam (19 decks)

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