ACT NO. 5: Preparation and Standardization of Volumetric Solutions Flashcards
Volumetric Analysis is also known as?
Titrimetric Analysis
Volumetric Analysis is first introduced by ?
Jean Baptiste Andre Dumas (French chemist)
Volumetric Analysis’ type of analysis
Quantitative Analysis
Based on the determination of the VOLUME of a solution of known concentration (standard) required to react quantitatively with a solution of the substance to be analyzed.
Volumetric Analysis
Volumetric solution is also known as?
Titrant / Standard Solutions
Known concentration
TitranT
Unknown concentration
Analyte
One of the simplest and oldest method of quantitative analysis.
Titration
Wherein, the amount of pure substance determined is by quantitatively reacting with the titrant or also known as volumetric solution.
Titration
Abbreviated “VS” and known also as Standard Solutions, are solutions of reagents of known concentration intended primarily for use in quantitative determinations.
Volumetric Solutions
Abbreviated “TS,” are solutions of reagents in such solvents and of such definite concentrations as to be suitable for the specified purposes.
Test Solutions
Indicators are ________ agents used to determine the end point of titration.
auxiliary agents
A species added to the analyte to give an observable change at (which is the endpoint) or near the end point.
Indicators
Meets the minimum purity standards; conforms to tolerances set by the United States Pharmacopeia/National Formulary for contaminants dangerous to health.
USP/NF
High purity; conforms to minimum specifications set by the Reagent Chemicals Committee of the American Chemical Society
ACS reagent (American Chemical Society)
More refined than technical or commercial grade but still of unknown quality
CP (chemically pure)
Indeterminate quality
Technical or commercial
A process of determining exact concentration of a solution.
Standardization
A highly pure and stable chemical reagent used to prepare standard solutions, usually for titration and making secondary standards and dilutions.
Primary Standard
Properties of Primary Standard:
HIGH PURITY
STABLE IN AIR
INDEPENDENT OF RELATIVE HUMIDITY
READILY AVAILABLE
REASONABLE SOLUBILITY
LARGE FORMULA WEIGHT
An alternative method is by the use of a solution of known concentration and allowing it to react equally with the prepared solution which is called as the ?
Secondary Standard
A highly characterized material suitable to test the identity, strength, quality and purity of substances for pharmaceutical use and medicinal products.
Reference Standard
Standard Solutions examples
• Perchloric acid
• Sodium methoxide
• Silver nitrate
• Ammonium thiocyanate
• Potassium permanganate
• Oxalic acid
• Ceric sulfate
• Zinc sulfate
• EDTA
• lodine
• Sodium thiosulfate
This is primarily used for analysis, product development, and quality control.
Titrimetric and chemical analysis methods
Certain specialist titrations, such as the KARL FISCHER titration used to estimate ___________, are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry.
water content
The desired end point in a phenolphthalein titration is ?
A pale pink tint that persists for 30 seconds.
KSCN may replace ?
NH4SCN
• Ammonium sulfocyanate
• Hygroscopic, crystalline solid
• Reacts with several metals
NH4SCN
MW of NH4SCN
76.122g/mole
