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PHAN 1 LAB > ACT NO. 12: Analysis Of Crude Drugs > Flashcards

ACT NO. 12: Analysis Of Crude Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Reagents in Expt. 12

A

• Tsaang-gubat
• 10% Acetic acid in Ethanol
• Concentrated Ammonium Hydroxide Solution
• 20% Ammonium Hydroxide Solution

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2
Q

What is a crude drug?

A

The products from plant and animal origin found in a raw form.

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3
Q

USP in Crude Drugs

A

USP <56>

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4
Q

Part 2 of Philippine Pharmacopeia lists the following test performed on crude plant drugs. These are:

A

a. Microscopic examination
b. TLC
c. Foreign matter
d. Loss on drying
e. Extractives
f. Total ash
g. Acid-insoluble ash
h. Volatile oil determination
i. Pesticide residues

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5
Q

Allows more detailed examination of a drug and it can be used to identify the organised drugs by their known histological characters.

A

Microscropic Examination

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6
Q

Mostly used for qualitative evaluation of organised crude drugs in entire and powdered forms.

A

Microscopic Examination

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7
Q

Stains in Microscopic Examination can be used to distinguish ________________.

A

cellular structure

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8
Q

This is phloroglucinol and concentrated hydrochloric acid give RED stain.

A

Lignin

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9
Q

This stained pink with RHUTHENIUM RED.

A

Mucilage

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10
Q

TLC principle

A

ADsorption

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11
Q

TLC meaning

A

Thin Layer Chromatography

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12
Q

Useful to analyse Alkaloids, Glycosides like all bio- constituents

A

TLC

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13
Q

The parts of the organ or organs other than those parts of drugs mentioned in the definition and description of the drug are known as foreign organic matters.

A

Foreign Matter

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14
Q

Amount of volatile matter of any kind that is driven off at _______ DEGREES CELSIUS.

A

110-120

Loss on Drying

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15
Q

Presence of moisture in a crude drug can lead to its deterioration due to either activation of certain enzymes or growth of microbes.

A

Moisture Content

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16
Q

Moisture Content can be determined by heating the drug at _______ in an oven to a constant weight and calculating the loss of weight.

A

150°C

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17
Q
  1. Gravimetric method (w,v)
  2. Gravimetric method (e)
  3. Azeotropic method or toluene distillation
  4. Titrimetric method or karl fischer method
  5. Dew point method
  6. Electrolytic hygrometric
A

Methods for the determination of moisture content

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18
Q

Water Content Determination Official Methods

A

Method 1. Titrimetric Method / Karl-Fischer Method

Method 2. Azeotropic Method / Toluene Distillation Method

Method 3. Gravimetric Method / Drying / Thermal Method

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19
Q

1 mL of the reagent is equivalent to approximately 5 milligrams of water

1 mL of Reagent = 5 mg of H2O

A

Method 1. Titrimetric Method / Karl-Fischer Method

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20
Q

Primary standard KARL FISHER REAGENT

A

Na Tartrate

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21
Q

This react with water to SO3

A

Sulfur dioxide

22
Q

Prevent reversibility of rxn

A

Pyridine

23
Q

Prevent pyridine-S complex

A

Anhydrous methanol

24
Q

rx with HI (Hydrogen iodide)

A

Iodine

25
Q

SOLVENT in Method 2. Azeotropic Method / Toluene Distillation Method

A

Toluene and xylene

26
Q

Method of choice for chemical samples (1-2 grams), biologics

A

Method 3. Gravimetric Method / Drying / Thermal Method

27
Q

The extracts obtained by exhausting crude drugs with different solvents are approximate measures of their chemical constituents.

A

Extractives

28
Q

Types of Extractives

A

A. Water soluble extractive
B. Alcohol-soluble extractive
C. Ether-soluble extractives

29
Q

• glycosides, tannins, mucilage

A

Water soluble extractive

30
Q

• tannins, glycosides, resins

A

Alcohol-soluble extractive

31
Q

• volatile constituents and fats

A

Ether-soluble extractives

32
Q

It is the residue left after incineration.

A

Total Ash

33
Q

Total Ash may also include inorganic matter added for the purpose of _______________.

A

ADULTERATION

34
Q

This may serve as basis for judging the IDENTITY AND CLEANLINESS of a drug.

A

Total Ash

35
Q

Useful for detecting low grade products, exhausted drugs, and excess of sandy or earthy matter.

A

Total Ash

36
Q

For determining ash content of expensive chemicals.

A

Residue on Ignition

37
Q

Igniting the sample to _____ redness and RESIDUE SHOULD NOT EXCEED _________

A

DULL redness

500 ug

38
Q

Consists almost entirely of silica derived from the soil adhering to the drug.

A

Acid-insoluble ash

39
Q

Used for the determination of earthy matter present on roots, rhizomes, and also on the leaves, Crude drugs contain calcium oxalate crystals the amount may varies depending on the environmental conditions.

A

Acid-insoluble ash

40
Q

Acid-insoluble ash is part of the total ash that is insoluble with diluted ___________________.

A

hydrochloric acid

41
Q

500 to 550° C

A

Very Dull Red Heat

42
Q

550 to 700°C

A

Dull Red Heat

43
Q

800 to 1000°C

A

Bright Red Heat

44
Q

1000 to 1200°C

A

Yellow Red Heat

45
Q

1200 to 1600°C

A

White Heat

46
Q

Calcium carbonate- calcium oxalate

A

825°C

47
Q

Calcium phosphate - calcium pyrophosphate

A

1550 C

48
Q

Lithium carbonate - lithium oxide

A

600 C

49
Q

Potassium chloride - sublimes at

A

1500 C

50
Q

Efficiency of several drugs is due to their odorous principle.

A

Volatile Oil Determination

51
Q

The process of removing extraneous matter, such as other parts of the plant, dirt, and added adulterants → prior to use or packaging.

A

Garbling

52
Q

Loss on drying employs temperature of __________.

A

105 +/- 2 C

PHAN 1 LAB (12 decks)

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