Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

93202 Preparation for Clinical Practice > ACSQHC The Basics of Infection Prevention and Control > Flashcards

ACSQHC The Basics of Infection Prevention and Control Flashcards

1
Q

[Basics of infection prevention and control]

What causes infections and how are they spread?

A

Infections are caused by infectious agents, such as bacteria, fungi, viruses and protozoa. Infections can be spread when providing care to people in hospitals and other healthcare settings. These are known as healthcare-associated infections (HAIs).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

[Basics of infection prevention and control]

Who is involved in the prevention of infections?

A

Everyone involved in the delivery of healthcare.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

[Basics of infection prevention and control]

Where can infectious agents be found?

A
  • In the environment
  • On surfaces or objects
  • On or in the human body
  • On other living things
  • In the air.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

[Basics of infection prevention and control]

What is the difference between colonisation and infection?

A

Colonisation = Infectious agent is present on or in the body without causing infection or disease.

Infection = Infectious agent has entered and multiplied inside the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

[Basics of infection prevention and control]

What are the six elements of the ‘The Chain of Infection’?

A
  1. An infectious agent
  2. A reservoir
  3. A portal of exit
  4. A means of transmission
  5. A portal of entry
  6. A susceptible person.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

[Basics of infection prevention and control]

Why is ‘The Chain of Infection’ important?

A

The Chain of Infection is important to understanding how infection spreads and how to prevent infection spreading.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

[Basics of infection prevention and control]

True or False: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are infections that occur when providing care to people in hospitals and other healthcare settings.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

[Basics of infection prevention and control]

True or False: Standard precautions and transmission-based precautions are two types of precautions that should be used to prevent and control infection in health care.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

[Standard precautions]

When should standard precautions ALWAYS be used?

A

When in contact with:

  • Blood (including dried blood)
  • All other body fluids (excluding sweat)
  • Broken skin
  • The mucous membranes inside of the nose, mouth and other parts of the body.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

[Standard precautions]

What are the nine elements of standard precautions?

A
  1. Hand hygiene
  2. PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)
  3. Respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette
  4. Aseptic technique
  5. The safe use and disposal of sharps
  6. Routine environment cleaning
  7. Reprocessing of reusable medical equipment and instruments
  8. Waste management
  9. Appropriate handling of linen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

[Standard precautions]

What is PPE, what does it do and what are some examples?

A

Personal Protective Equipment refers to a variety of barriers that are used alone, or together, to protect the mouth, nose, eyes, skin and clothing from contact with blood or body fluids.

  • Gloves
  • Aprons or gowns
  • Protective eyewear (safety glasses, goggles, face shields)
  • Masks.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

[Standard precautions]

When should PPE be worn?

A
  • Whenever direct contact is likely with a patient’s blood or body fluids (e.g. when toileting or doing wound care)
  • When performing an invasive procedure (e.g. venepuncture)
  • When touching surfaces and items that have come into contact with blood or body fluids (e.g. soiled linen or clothing, wound dressing material).
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

[Standard precautions]

What is the correct sequence for putting on and taking off PPE?

A

Putting on: Perform hand hygiene, put on apron/gown, put on mask, put on protective eyewear, perform hand hygiene then put on gloves.

Taking off: Remove gloves and then perform hand hygiene, remove apron or gown and then perform hand hygiene, remove protective eyewear and then perform hand hygiene, remove mask and then perform hand hygiene.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

[Standard precautions]

A patient requires their urinary catheter bag to be emptied.

What PPE should be worn (as a minimum) to protect the healthcare worker from exposure to blood or body fluids? Select two answers.

  • Gloves
  • Apron
  • Protective eyewear
  • Mask
A

Gloves and Apron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

[Standard precautions]

A patient has a wound on their foot. The dressing has come off and the wound is bleeding.

What PPE should be worn to protect the healthcare worker from exposure to blood or body fluids? Select one answer.

  • Gloves
  • Apron
  • Protective eyewear
  • Mask
A

Gloves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

[Standard precautions]

What are the four steps for respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette?

A
  1. Cover the nose and mouth when coughing or sneezing, using tissues
  2. Dispose of tissues after use
  3. Cough or sneeze into their inner elbow rather than the hand, if tissues are not available
  4. Perform hand hygiene after coughing or sneezing, and after contact with respiratory secretions and contaminated objects or materials.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

[Standard precautions]

What is asepsis and aseptic technique?

A

Asepsis = The absence of infectious agents.

Aseptic technique = A set of practices used to minimise the presence of infectious agents during invasive clinical procedures.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

[Standard precautions]

Fill in the blanks: Clinical procedures can be classified as either ______ or _______?

A

Clinical procedures can be classified as either simple or complex.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

[Standard precautions]

What is a simple procedure and state some examples?

A

Simple procedures generally are of a short duration of time (usually less than 20 minutes).

  • Simple wound dressings
  • Maintenance of vascular access devices
  • Collection of clinical specimens (blood, swabs or urine)
  • Parenteral medication preparation.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

[Standard precautions]

What is a complex procedure and state some examples?

A

Complex procedures are generally technically difficult, require specialised equipment and extended periods of time to complete.

  • Surgery
  • Wound debridement
  • Vascular access insertions
  • Drain insertions
  • Catheterisations (urinary, cardiac or peritoneal dialysis).
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

[Standard precautions]

What are sharps?

A

Instruments that cause a penetrating injury such as needles, lancets and scalpels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

[Standard precautions]

What is environmental cleaning and why is it important?

A

Involves the physical removal of dirt and foreign material from environmental surfaces, with the use of water and neutral detergent. This reduces the number of infectious agents that may be present on surfaces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

[Standard precautions]

When are disinfectants necessary?

A

Necessary if a surface may have been, or is known to have been, contaminated by blood, body fluids or a potentially infectious agent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

[Standard precautions]

A patient has been sick and has vomited. There is a large amount of body fluids on the floor that needs to be cleaned.

What PPE should be worn to clean up a large amount of vomit? Select one answer.

  • Gloves
  • Gown
  • Mask
  • Protective eyewear
  • All of the above
A

All of the above

25
Q

[Standard precautions]

What does reprocessing of medical equipment involve and what are the three categories?

A

Reprocessing involves cleaning, and in some cases disinfection and sterilisation.

  • Critical
  • Semi-critical
  • Non-critical
26
Q

[Standard precautions]

What is clinical waste?

A

Any waste that contains blood or large amounts of body fluids. In the healthcare setting, clinical waste may include soiled dressing material, urinary catheters and drainage bags, or PPE used for a patient who has an infectious condition.

27
Q

[Standard precautions]

Why should used linen be handled with care?

A

Used linen should be handled with care to avoid spreading infectious agents into the environment.

28
Q

[Standard precautions]

What should anyone with signs and symptoms of a respiratory infection do? Select two answers.

  • Cough or sneeze into their hand, if tissues are not available
  • Cough or sneeze into a tissue
  • Cough or sneeze into their inner elbow, if tissues are not available
  • Cough or sneeze into the air, if tissues are not available
A
  • Cough or sneeze into a tissue

- Cough or sneeze into their inner elbow, if tissues are not available

29
Q

[Standard precautions]

The sharps container in the treatment room is filled above the fill line. What is the correct procedure? Select one answer.

  • The container should be shaken to settle the contents and make more room
  • The container should be closed and placed on the floor of the medication room
  • The container should be closed, taken to the correct disposal area and replaced with a new container
  • The issue should be reported to management
A

The container should be closed, taken to the correct disposal area and replaced with a new container

30
Q

[Standard precautions]

Disinfection is a process in addition to cleaning with detergent. When is it necessary? Select one answer.

  • Whenever cleaning takes place
  • Whenever an item comes into contact with a mucous membrane
  • Whenever a surface or item is suspected, or known to have been contaminated by an infectious agent, blood or body fluids
  • Whenever equipment is shared between patients
A

Whenever a surface or item is suspected, or known to have been contaminated by an infectious agent, blood or body fluids

31
Q

[Standard precautions]

What is the correct procedure after removing soiled linen from a patient’s bed? Select one answer.

  • Bundle all linen into a pile, carry to the dirty linen room and place in a laundry receptacle
  • Carry the linen outside the room and place in a laundry receptacle in the corridor
  • Place the soiled linen in a laundry receptacle before leaving the room
A

Place the soiled linen in a laundry receptacle before leaving the room

32
Q

[Standard precautions]

When handling waste, healthcare workers should:

  • Use standard precautions to protect against exposure to blood and body fluids
  • Perform hand hygiene after handling
  • Segregate waste into appropriate streams at the point of generation
  • All of the above
A

All of the above

33
Q

[Transmission-based precautions]

Why are transmission-based precautions implemented?

A

Transmission-based precautions are used in addition to standard precautions. Transmission-based precautions target the means of transmission of a particular infectious agent, reducing the opportunity for infection to spread.

34
Q

[Transmission-based precautions]

What are the three categories of transmission-based precautions?

A
  1. Contact precautions (direct/indirect contact)
  2. Droplet precautions (respiratory droplets)
  3. Airborne precautions (airborne route)
35
Q

[Transmission-based precautions]

What do contact precautions prevent and what are some examples of direct and indirect contact?

A

Contact precautions prevent transmission of infectious agents by direct or indirect contact, with the patient or the patient’s environment.

Direct = Touching, contact with blood or body fluids.

Indirect = Contaminated clothing, shared patient equipment which is not cleaned and/or processed between use, contaminated environmental surfaces.

36
Q

[Transmission-based precautions]

What do droplet precautions prevent?

A

Droplet precautions prevent transmission of infectious agents spread through respiratory droplets (i.e. droplets >5 microns in size). These droplets are generated by coughing, sneezing or talking.

37
Q

[Transmission-based precautions]

What do airborne precautions prevent?

A

Airborne precautions prevent transmission of infectious agents that are transmitted through airborne droplet nuclei. These droplet nuclei are very small and can remain infective over time and distance.

38
Q

[Transmission-based precautions]

When are a combination of transmission-based precautions required?

A

Sometimes a combination of transmission-based precautions are required, such as in the event of an outbreak, or if a patient has more than one infectious condition (e.g. MRSA and influenza).

39
Q

[Transmission-based precautions]

A patient has diarrhoea and vomiting and is suspected of having norovirus gastroenteritis.

What are the likely means of transmission of infectious agents in this scenario? Select two answers.

  • Airborne
  • Contact
  • Droplet
A
  • Contact

- Droplet

40
Q

[Transmission-based precautions]

A patient has diarrhoea and vomiting and is suspected of having norovirus gastroenteritis.

What precautions would you recommend for anyone caring for this patient? Select three answers.

  • Surgical mask
  • Gloves
  • Negative pressure room
  • Single room
A
  • Surgical mask
  • Gloves
  • Single room
41
Q

[Transmission-based precautions]

A patient has symptoms of a respiratory illness and is suspected to have influenza.

What are the likely routes of transmission of infections agents in this scenario? Select two answers.

  • Droplet
  • Airborne
  • Contact
A
  • Droplet

- Contact

42
Q

[Transmission-based precautions]

A patient has symptoms of a respiratory illness and is suspected to have influenza.

What precautions would you recommend for anyone performing observations on this patient? Select three correct answers.

  • P2/N95 particulate filter respirator
  • Gloves
  • Surgical mask
  • Dedicated equipment in the patient’s room
A
  • Gloves
  • Surgical mask
  • Dedicated equipment in the patient’s room
43
Q

[Transmission-based precautions]

When are transmission-based precautions required? Select one answer.

  • When contact with a patient’s blood or body fluids is anticipated
  • When caring for a patient with a high temperature
  • When standard precautions alone are not sufficient to prevent the transmission of an infectious condition or infectious agents
  • When standard precautions cannot be used
A

When standard precautions alone are not sufficient to prevent the transmission of an infectious condition or infectious agents

44
Q

[Transmission-based precautions]

Which means of transmission is due to microorganisms being transferred to other patients from contaminated equipment and via the hands of healthcare workers? Select one answer.

  • Airborne
  • Direct / indirect contact
  • Ingestion
  • Droplet
A

Direct / indirect contact

45
Q

[Transmission-based precautions]

Infectious agents spread from the respiratory tract when coughing and sneezing are an example of what means of transmission? Select one answer.

  • Direct / indirect contact
  • Airborne
  • Droplet
  • Inoculation
A

Droplet

46
Q

[Transmission-based precautions]

A patient is known to be colonised with carbapenamase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE). In assessing the risk of transmission of infectious agents, what is the minimum PPE you would recommend? Select two answers.

  • Gown
  • Gloves
  • Protective eyewear
A
  • Gown

- Gloves

47
Q

[Transmission-based precautions]

True or False: Airborne precautions are used to prevent transmission of infectious agents that remain infectious over long distances and can suspended in the air.

A

True

48
Q

[Other strategies]

What are the infection risks associated with invasive medical devices?

A

Invasive medical devices are a common source of HAIs and provide a route for infectious agents to enter the body.

49
Q

[Other strategies]

What are some examples of invasive medical devices?

A
  • Catheters inserted for drainage (e.g. urinary catheters)
  • Catheters for intravascular access (e.g. peripheral intravenous catheters, peripherally inserted central venous catheters, central venous catheters)
  • Devices for mechanical ventilation (e.g. intubation)
  • Devices for feeding (e.g. enteral feeding tubes).
50
Q

[Other strategies]

What are the 8 key elements in minimising the risk of infection related to the use of invasive medical devices?

A
  1. Necessity
  2. Training and competency
  3. Appropriate device
  4. Monitor patient
  5. Timing of device in place
  6. Patient education
  7. Documentation
  8. Surveillance
51
Q

[Other strategies]

What is the impact of antimicrobial resistance?

A

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the greatest threats to human health.

AMR occurs when microorganisms change to protect themselves from antimicrobial medicines (such as antibiotics, antivirals and antifungals). When this happens, antimicrobial medicines are not as effective at treating infection.

Using antimicrobials inappropriately or when they are not needed is a key factor in causing AMR.

52
Q

[Other strategies]

Practising antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) ensures that a patient who requires antimicrobial medicine to treat or prevent an infection, receives what 6 ‘rights’?

A
  1. The right antimicrobial
  2. At the right dose
  3. At the right frequency
  4. By the right route of administration
  5. At the right time
  6. For the right duration.
53
Q

[Other strategies]

True or False: Invasive medical devices are not a common source of healthcare-associated infections.

A

False

54
Q

[Other strategies]

Which of the following are considered invasive medical devices? Select four answers.

  • Catheters inserted for drainage (e.g. urinary catheters)
  • Catheters for intravascular access (e.g. peripheral intravenous catheters, peripherally inserted central venous catheters, central venous catheters)
  • Devices for mechanical ventilation (e.g. intubation)
  • Devices for routine monitoring of vital signs (e.g. thermometers, blood pressure machines, pulse oximeters)
A
  • Catheters inserted for drainage (e.g. urinary catheters)
  • Catheters for intravascular access (e.g. peripheral intravenous catheters, peripherally inserted central venous catheters, central venous catheters)
  • Devices for routine monitoring of vital signs (e.g. thermometers, blood pressure machines, pulse oximeters)
55
Q

[Other strategies]

Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) involves:

  • Improving the safe and appropriate use of antimicrobials, to reduce patient harm and prevent and contain antimicrobial resistance
  • Getting the right antibiotic to the right patient at the right time, in the right dose, via the right route for the right duration
  • All health service organisations and all healthcare workers
  • All of the above
A

All of the above

56
Q

[Other strategies]

True or False: Overuse of antimicrobials is a cause of antimicrobial resistance.

A

True

57
Q

[Staff health and safety]

What strategies are used to protect healthcare workers?

A
  • Staff health screening
  • Educating healthcare workers on working safely to minimise the spread of infection
  • Providing safe workplaces that are designed to minimise the spread of infection
  • Providing physical protection, such as PPE and safety-engineered devices
  • Promoting vaccination
  • Providing extra protection for healthcare workers in certain circumstances (e.g. pregnant healthcare workers)
  • Having systems to report breaches of infection prevention and control protocols
  • Ensuring healthcare workers stay home when they are unwell.
58
Q

[Staff health and safety]

True or False: Every health service organisation has a responsibility to make sure it provides a safe workplace for staff and patients.

A

True

59
Q

[Staff health and safety]

When should an occupational exposure be reported? Select one answer.

  • At the end of the shift
  • No need to report the occupational exposure if it isn’t too serious
  • As soon as it occurs
  • By the end of the week
A

As soon as it occurs

93202 Preparation for Clinical Practice (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions