Acronyms/Terminology

Question 1

AAHA

Answer 1

American Animal Hospital Association

Question 2

ASLAP

Answer 2

American Society of Laboratory Animal Practitioners

Question 3

ASHRAE

Answer 3

American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-conditioning Engineers

Question 4

ARENA

Answer 4

Applied Research Ethics National Association

Question 5

LAWTE

Answer 5

Laboratory Animal Welfare Training Exchange

Question 6

LD (LD50)

Answer 6

Lethal dose, lethal dose 50%

Question 7

NAM

Answer 7

Non-affiliated member

Question 8

APHIS

Answer 8

Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA

Question 9

AWA / AWR

Answer 9

Animal Welfare Act / Animal Welfare Regulations

Question 10

PHS

Answer 10

Public Health Service

Question 11

FCR

Answer 11

Full Committee Review

• Convened face-to-face meeting
• Presence of a quorum required
• IACUC can set more stringent quorum requirements (than simple majority)
• Use of real-time electronic communication allowed
• Approve, Modify (to secure approval), or Disapprove require a simple majority vote
• IACUC can set more stringent voting requirements for approval
• Suspension of activities must be done with a quorum and a majority vote
• Any suspension done by the IACUC must be reviewed in conjunction with the IO and the IACUC, with appropriate corrective action, and a report made of the action with a full explanation to OLAW
• IACUC members with conflicting interests cannot participate in a vote on that project nor may they contribute to the quorum for said vote

Question 12

DMR

Answer 12

Designated Member Review

• At least one qualified member conducts the DMR
• The DMR is appointed by the IACUC chair
• DMR begins after the members have the opportunity to call for FCR (3 biz days minimum)
• All members must be given a list of protocols with descriptions
• Committee members do not vote
• No requirement for a written affirmation of a “no call” for FCR
• The DMR can approve or request modifications (to secure approval) but not disapprove
• if DMR involves more than one reviewer consensus must be achieved

Question 13

IO

Answer 13

Institutional Official

Question 14

AV

Answer 14

Attending Veterinarian

Question 15

AAALAC

Answer 15

Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care (international)

Question 16

3 R’s

Answer 16

Replacement of animals (computer models/tissue culture/lower orders)
Reduction of animal numbers
Refinement of procedures (for least amount of pain)

Question 17

What are Minimum Horizontal Dimensions (MHD)?

Answer 17

The diameter of a circular pool of water
-or-
The diameter of the largest circle you can describe within a square or rectangular pool of water

Question 18

What is a paralytic drug?

Answer 18

Drug that causes loss of muscle contraction and which has no anesthetic or analgesic properties (an animal cannot move but is aware and can feel pain)

AWRs prohibit the use of paralytics without concurrent anesthesia

Question 19

AWIC

Answer 19

Animal Welfare Information Center

Question 20

AALAS

Answer 20

American Association for Laboratory Animal Science

Question 21

IRAC

Answer 21

Interagency Research Animal Committee

Question 22

PhRMA

Answer 22

Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America

Question 23

Microenvironment

Answer 23

The immediate physical environment surrounding the animal (eg. the environment in the primary enclosure such as the cage, pen, stall, or tank)

Question 24

Macroenvironment

Answer 24

The physical environment of the secondary enclosure (eg. the room, barn, or outdoor habitat)

Question 25

What are natural-ingredient diets?

Answer 25

Diets formulated with agricultural products and byproducts, commercially available for all species commonly used in the laboratory. The nutrient composition of ingredients varies, and natural ingredients may contain low levels of naturally occurring or artificial contaminants. Contaminants such as pesticide residues, heavy metals toxins, carcinogens, and phytoestrogens may be present in levels that have no health sequelae but may have subtle effects on experimental results.

Question 26

What are certified diets?

Answer 26

Diets that have been assayed for contaminants. Available for use in selected studies such as preclinical toxicology, conducted in compliance with FDA GLPs

Question 27

What are purified diets?

Answer 27

Refined diets with each ingredient containing a single nutrient or nutrient class. They have less nutrient concentration variability, and lower potential for chemical contamination. High cost, low palatability, reduced shelf life but may be used for specific types of study.

Question 28

What are chemically defined diets?

Answer 28

Diets that contain the most basic, elemental ingredients available, such as individual amino acids and specific sugars. High cost, low palatability, reduced shelf life but may be used for specific types of study.

Question 29

What is Animal Biosecurity?

Answer 29

It includes all measures to control known or unknown infections in laboratory animals

Question 30

Centralized v Decentralized animal facilities

Answer 30

Centralized - support, care, and use areas are adjacent to the animal housing space. - Often reduces operating costs, riding a more efficient flow of animal care supplies, equipment, and personnel. - More efficient use of environmental controls and less duplication of support services. - Reduces needs for transporting animals between housing and study sites. - Greater security by virtue of being able to control facility access, increases the ease of monitoring staff and animals. Decentralized - Animal Housing and use occur in space that is not solely dedicated to animal care or support or is physically separated from the support areas and animal care personnel. - More costly, duplicating equipment such as cage washers, or may required increased movement of supplies. - May be preferred for a certain specialized research services such as imaging, quarantine, and proximity to research facilities, or for biosecurity.

Question 31

ABSL-1

Answer 31

Agents not known to cause human infection

Question 32

ABSL-2

Answer 32

Agents of moderate risk that cause human disease by ingestion or percutaneous or mucosal exposure

Question 33

ABSL-3

Answer 33

Agents that cause serious and potentially lethal infections and have known potential for aerosol transmission

Question 34

ABSL-4

Answer 34

Non-indigenous / exotic agents that pose high individual risk of life-threatening disease and for which there is no available vaccine or treatment