Acquiring Culture

Question 1

What are the two forms of socialisation.

Answer 1

Formal socialisation.

Informal socialisation.

Question 2

What is formal socialisation

Answer 2

This is the process where people deliberately and consciously manipulated to ensure they learn to follow the rules. Eg: school, taught to respect authority

Question 3

What is informal socialisation.

Answer 3

Informal socialisation is more haphazard as it’s the process of people learning to fit into their culture by watching those around them. People learn what is seen acceptable in their society.

Question 4

What is meant by the term agents of socialisation.

Answer 4

Any social group or organisation that passes on culture norms and values to others are known as agency of socialisation

Question 5

What do we learn through agents of socialisation

Answer 5

We learn the expected rules of our society E:G. School, peer groups, religion, work

Question 6

What is the aim of family socialisation

Answer 6

Created by bourdieu, the aim is ‘habitus’ this is the social situation in which we feel comfortable at home in.

Question 7

How can family’s be agents of socialisation

Answer 7

Through:
Imitation,
Role models,
Sanctions,
Expectations.

Question 8

How can imitation be apart of family socialisation

Answer 8

Imitation is considered family socialisation as Children learn social skills by watching and copying parents. They learn when and what to eat, how to control their bodily functions and what to say and do

Question 9

How can role models be apart of family socialisation

Answer 9

Role models are apart of family socialisation as the people children copy become their role models. Children are often encouraged to act like the same-sex parent, thus girls may be given domestic tasks and learn to act like their mother.

Question 10

How is sanctions apart of family socialisation

Answer 10

Sanctions are apart of family socialisation as children may be punished for incorrect behaviour and praised for acceptable behaviour. A boy who is seen as unacceptably feminine may be pushed into more typical male behaviour in British culture and teased if he rejects more traditionally masculine behaviours.

Question 11

How is expectations apart of family socialisation

Answer 11

Expectations are apart of family socialisation as boys may develop better spatial awareness than girls because parents may expect them to be better at sport and spend more time playing games with boys.

Question 12

How do agencies of socialisation pass on culture

Answer 12

Social control
Formal control
Informal control

Question 13

What is meant by the term social control

Answer 13

Social control refers to the idea that people’s behaviour and thoughts are regulated by society. Agencies of socialisation are therefore also agents of social control because they are concerned with training people to fit into their culture.

Question 14

What is meant by the term formal control

Answer 14

Formal control this is the deliberate training of people to follow rules. Many social organisations and even society itself have strict rules. These are generally codified (written down) so everyone is aware of them. If rules are broken then people can expect punishment. For example, a murderer can expect to go to prison.

Question 15

What is meant by the term informal control

Answer 15

This form of control is not so obvious, but it is just as important. It consists of people following unwritten rules such as norms, morals and values. Breaking an unwritten rule is just as dangerous for an individual, but informal sanctions may be less obvious. For example, someone who fails to wash has not broken a written rule but can expect to be ignored and rejected by others.

Question 16

Functionalism view on gaining identity and culture

Answer 16

We learn to participate in society through socialisation

Question 17

Marxism view on gaining identity and culture

Answer 17

Socialisation is a way of controlling people to accept an unequal society

Question 18

Feminism view on gaining identity and culture

Answer 18

Societies train children to accept gender roles, women are subordinate

Question 19

Postmodernism view on gaining identity and culture

Answer 19

We each of us construct an identity for ourselves and pick and mix ideas

Question 20

New right view on gaining identity and culture

Answer 20

Poor socialisation results in social problems such as crime and deviance

Question 21

Interactionism view on gaining identity and culture

Answer 21

People act out roles in their own lives, so they act as others expect them

Question 22

Functionalism view on gaining identity and culture

Answer 22

We learn participate in society through socialisation

Question 23

What is the term socialisation

Answer 23

Socialisation is a life long process whereby people learn the rules for their own culture, all sociologists agree that people learn to be apart of society through the process of socialisation. Parsons 1996 agreed that people shared cultural norms and values through socialisation. There are two forms of socialisation primary and secondary socialisation,

Question 24

What are the agents of secondary socialisation

Answer 24

Peer groups
Education 
Work
Religion 
Media

Question 25

How are peer groups agencies of secondary socialisation

Answer 25

Peer groups are made up of people of the same age and status eg: classroom, friendships at a young age develop childrens group norms and behaviours that’s different to the family’s norms.
Iona and Peter opie they stated that children have a different street culture that adults were excluded from and is developed from play.
However, this can end up with peer pressure and can help children gain independence from parents but can have a. Negative impact as children fear social reject

Question 26

How is education a form of secondary socialisation

Answer 26

Education allows children to gain cultural formally and informally. All sociologists argue that schools socialise children into work, this is good for functionalists but bad for Marxists.