Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiovascular > Acquired CV Disease Dogs > Flashcards

Acquired CV Disease Dogs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 most common/main acquired CV diseases in DOGS?

A
  1. Degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD)
  2. Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)
  3. Pericardial effusion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which dogs are commonly affected by degenerative mitral valve disease?

A

older small breed dogs, but any old dogs can be affected

- esp CKC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does mitral valve degeneration progress? What clinical sign will be noticed first?

A

Slowly!

  • left apical systolic murmur
  • may remain this way for ~3 years + before developing heart failure
  • in many cases dogs die from another condition
  • <50% dogs with DMVD will go into heart failure and die from this disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How will a mitral murmur change with disease progression?

A

gets louder

- can be > grade 3/6 without yet going into heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

PE findings with DMVD?

A
  • left apical systolic murmur
  • ^ HR
  • lack of sinus arrythmia
  • loss of BCS
  • breathlessness/coughing
  • crackles on the lungs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How can mitral valve disease be graded?

A

B1: no cardiomegaly, no clinical signs
B2: cardiomegaly but no clinical signs
C: signs of heart failure
D: heart fialure refractory to Tx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How may a definitive dx of DMVD be attained?

A

Radiography for heart failure (Left sided usually goes first -> pulmonary oedema etc.)
Echo to demonstrate mitral regurgitation
Doppler echocardiography
- this is usually not necessary as presumptive Dx possible
> looking for progressive left sided enlargement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When is therapy indicated?

A

Stage C disease only (signs of heart failure)

  • treat symptomatically
  • no evidence that earlier treatment is advantagous
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the Tx for heart failure in dogs?

A
  • Frusemide (diuretic)
  • Pimobendan
  • ACEI
  • Spironolactone
    > ^ doses until disease becomes refractory to drugs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Prognosis of DMVD?

A
  • depends on whether they show signs of heart failure
  • < 1/2 without signs of failure succumb to the disease
  • once in heart failure average sruvival <1year
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the 2nd most commonly diagnosed cardiac disease?

A

> dilated cardiomyopathy (and arrythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy also common)
- sudden death possible with this

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What dogs are usually affected by DCM?

A
  • large breed eg. dobermans, boxers
  • prevalence ^ with age
  • males may be more at risk
  • peak age of detection 5-10years
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does the diagnosis of DCM differ to DVMD?

A
  • unlikely to pick up on routine PE as an incidental finding as you would for DMVD
  • pre-clinical signs more subtle in occult stage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How long does DCM take to progress to heart failure?

A

can be low as 20 weeks from dx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What concurrent finding is seen with DCM?

A
  • arrythmia

- can potentially have soft left apical systolic murmur but not always

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which disease has the potential for sudden death to be the first clinical sign?

A

DCM

17
Q

Diagnostics for DCM?

A
  • echo to show dilation of heart and impaired systole
  • ECG for cardiac arrythmias (24hour Holter?)
  • radiographs to determine heart failure
18
Q

Is pre-clinical treatment of DCM advocated?

A

YES!

  • Pimobendan delays onset of clinical signs and prolongs life (in dobermans)
  • ACEI may be beneficial
19
Q

Tx of DCM once heart failure has occourred?

A

similar to DMVD

  • furosemide, pimobendan, ACEI
  • potentially spironolactone but less evidence in DCM
20
Q

Prognosis for DCM with heart failure?

A
  • guarded
  • cockers can live longer
  • dobermans and great danes do less well
21
Q

What are the 2 potential causes of pericardial effusion?

A
  • idiopathic

- neoplasia (echo to look for mass though may not see it)

22
Q

which breeds are predisposed to develop pericardial effusion?

A
  • lab retrievers
  • german shephards
  • St. bernards
23
Q

When does pericardial effusion develop?

A

Mid - old age

- st. bernards can develop earlier

24
Q

Clinical signs of pericardial effusion?

A
  • Forward (weakness, syncope) AND backwards (pulmonary oedema, ascites) failure
  • Right heart usually affected worse due to thin walls
  • only cause of predominant RIGHT sided heart failure in dogs*
  • fluid v venous return -> v CO
  • necessitates ^ cardiac filling pressures
25
Q

What type of failure do DCM, pericardial effusion and DMVD cause?

A

DCM and DMVD Left sided

Pericardial effusion Right sided

26
Q

What is cardiac tamponade?

A

so much pericardial effusion heart cannot beat

27
Q

What does sudden and chornic decrease in CO cause?

A
  • sudden eg haemorrhage -> collapse

- chronic -> RCHF, lethargy, ascites, cough

28
Q

PE findings of pericardial effusion

A
  • muffled heart sounds
  • v intensity of the apex beat
  • pulsus paradoxus (intensity of femoral pulse decreases during inspiration)
  • RHF (ascites, jugular distension, pleural effusion and ^ resp effort)
  • NO HEART MURMUR (this disease may be missed!!)
29
Q

Disagnosing pericardial effusion?

A
  • echo
  • ECG may show decreased amplitude of QRS complexes, and beat to beat alternation in the amplitude of the QRS complexes (electrical alternans)
30
Q

Tx of pericardial effusion

A
  • NOT MEDICAL!
  • drain fluid (pericardiocentesis)
    > right side under US guidance
31
Q

Prognosis for pericardial effusion?

A

> with neoplasia, POOR
idiopathic - may experience no recurrence after drainage, but may recurr
- pericardiotomy and pericardiectomy to allow fluid drainage into the pleural space where it can be absorbed.

32
Q

Good summary table in lecture notes§

A

-

Cardiovascular (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions