ACP 2020 Flashcards by Madelin Fleit

E: Most common cause of oral vitamin D ‘resistance’

malabsorption

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E: A disorder caused by loss of an X chromosome

Turner syndrome

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E: Most common cause of thyrotoxicosis, low radioactive iodine uptake, and low thyroglobulin level

Excess ingestion of thyroid (accept surreptitious ingestion)

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E: Most common form of monogenic diabetes

Maturity onset diabetes of the young (accept MODY)

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HO: Acronym describing acute respiratory distress, elevated B-type natriuretic peptide level, and elevated central venous pressure within 6 hours of transfusion

TACO

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HO: Condition resulting from IgG autoantibodies directed against platelet membrane glycoproteins

ITP

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HO: 2 DOACS for PE

apixaban & rivaroxaban

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HO: A syndrome defined by the occurrence of two or more immune cytopenias

Evans syndrome

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HO: Diagnosis accounting for absence CD55 and CD59 on red cells and granulocytes

PNH

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

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N: Clinical presentation of patient with thin glomerular basement membrane disease

Hematuria

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N: Intestinal disease associated with glomerular IgA deposition

Celiac

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N: Kidney disease associated with mesalamine therapy

Interstitial nephritis

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N: The two most common causes of diabetes insipidus in adults

lithium & hypercalcemia

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N: two most immediate causes of death in MDMA (ecstasy) use

HypoNa & hyperthermia

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D: poxvirus

molluscum contagiosum

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D: benign; dark stripe on nail

Melanonychia

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D: most common idiopathic photosensitivity disorder

Polymorphous light eruption (accept PMLE)

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D: autoimmune interdermal blistering disease that does not involve mucosa

Pemphigus foliaceus

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HO: Test of peripheral blood that can identify cell type by patterns of surface antigen expression

flow cytometry

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HO: The two hallmark findings of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

MAHA & thrombocytopenia

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HO: folate vs. folic acid

Folate = natural form

Folic acid = synthetic, therapeutic form

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HO: Meaning of ‘wet purpura’

Hemorrhagic blisters in mucous membranes,

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HO: Most common drug associated with hemolytic anemia

Piperacillin

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N: Syndrome characterized by a decrease in renal function that occurs with acute decompensated heart failure

cardiorenal

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N: failure of the blood pressure to fall by at least 10 percent during sleep

Nondipping

N: most powerful nonosmotic stimulus for ADH release

hypovolemia

N: Method to estimate urinary ammonium excretion

Urine anion gap

N: Most common condition causing secondary IgA nephropathy

Chronic liver disease | accept alcoholic cirrhosis or cirrhosis

NR: Pain perceived as coming from an amputated limb

phantomb limb pain

NR: graphical representation of cerebrocortical motor control

homunculus

NR: A common benign MRI finding in patients with migraine

Nonspecific white matter lesion (accept hyperintensity)

NR: Most common identifiable arterial disorder predisposing to carotid artery dissection

Fibromuscular dysplasia

NR: Limbic encephalitis associated with ovarian teratomas

Anti-NDMA receptor encephalitis

HO: Minimum duration of adjuvant endocrine therapy for breast cancer

5 years

HO: Infectious agent associated with head and neck cancer

HPV

HO: Approximate equianalgesic ratio of IV morphine to oral morphine sulfate

1:3

HO: Syndrome name for aromatase inhibitor-related joint pain and stiffness Most common adverse musculoskeletal effect of aromatase inhibitors

AI-associated musculoskeletal syndrome Arthralgia (accept aromatase inhibitor–induced arthralgia syndrome

R: inflammatory osteoarthritis of the hand

Erosive osteoarthritis

R: Three hydrophilic statins with the lowest risk for statin-induced myopathy

Rosuvastatin, pravastatin, fluvastatin

R: Most common cardiac complication of relapsing polychondritis

Aortic regurgitation

R: Condition most commonly associated with the coexistence of erosive changes and new bone formation within the same joint

Psoriatic arthritis

E: Isthmus of thyroid gland is inferior to this cartilage

Cricoid cartilage

E: Most common type of clinically nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenoma

Gonadotroph adenomas

E: Initial laboratory test used to diagnose acromegaly

Insulin-like Growth factor-1 | accept IGF-1

ID: most common pathogen responsible for jugular vein suppurative thrombophlebiti

Fusobacterium necrophorum

ID: most common symptom of primary tuberculosis

fever

ID: temperature threshold sustained for 1 hour defines neutropenic fever

>38.0°C (100.4°F)

ID: Clinical syndrome associated with 'sandpaper' rash and 'strawberry tongue'

scarlet fever

ID: Preferred antibiotic treatment of traveler's diarrhea for travelers to Asia

Azithromycin

N; Kidney injury following use of cathartics that contain oral sodium phosphate

Acute phosphate nephropathy

N: Toxicity causing hypertension, gout, proximal renal tubular disease, and interstitial nephritis

Lead toxicity

N: cause of proteinuria in otherwise healthy adults

strenuous exercise

N: Definition of hypertension based on 24-hour average blood pressure measurement obtained by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring

Greater than/equal to 130/80 mm Hg

D: Most common cause of generalized pruritus in older adults

Xerosis (accept dry skin)

D: common, benign inflammatory condition of the dorsal tongue (photo)

Geographic tongue | benign migratory glossitis

D: cutaneous manifestation of a helminth infection (photo)

Cutaneous larva migrans

D: boggy edematous inflammatory scalp lesion due to tinea capitis infection

Kerion

D: skin condition is caused by an S. aureus exfoliative toxin (photo of blisters)

Bullous impetigo | accept impetigo

ID: Organism responsible for most cases of chronic bacterial prostatitis

E coli

ID: Immediate postexposure prevention for varicella-zoster virus infection in immunocompromised patient

Varicella-zoster immune globulin

ID: antibodies and antigen assessed by the 4th generation HIV test

HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibody | HIV p24 antigen

ID: disease that can cause these syndromes: ulceroglandular, glandular, oculoglandular, pharyngeal, typhoidal, and pneumonic

tularemia

ID: The 3 most common sites for nocardiosis infection

lungs, CNS, skin

P: Intervention indicated for severe hypothermia and hemodynamic instability

Cardiopulmonary bypass

GI: therapy for post-infectious IBS

fiber supplement

GI: SAAG and ascitic protein concentration thresholds associated with nephrotic syndrome

SAAG ≤ 1.1; Protein ≤ 2.5 g/dL

GI: Two reasons for a positive HCV antibody test and negative HCV RNA test

False-positive test result | cleared HCV infection

HO: Most common metabolic complication of Burkitt lymphoma

TLS

HO: Term for prostate cancer that progresses despite androgen deprivation therapy

Castrate resistant disease

HO: Genotype tissue testing indicated for metastatic colorectal cancer (2)

K-ras and N-ras genotyping

HO: Vitamin effective in reducing nonmelanoma skin cancer rate in high risk patients

nicotinamide | accept vitamin B3

N: Acid-base disorder associated with laxative abuse

NON-gap metabolic acidosis

N: kidney disease associated with elevated levels of IgG4

IgG4-related interstitial nephritis

N: Two highest cancer risks in kidney transplant patients

Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin | Lymphoproliferative disease

N: Obesity drug associated with acute oxalate nephropathy

Orlistat

N: Two diagnostic laboratory abnormalities common to: - Beer potomania - Tea and toast syndrome - Primary polydipsia

Hyponatremia | Inappropriately dilute urine