ACLS Flashcards
do well in class
how do you clear the airway of a person who is laying down?
head tilt chin lift maneuver
how do you clear the airway of a person with a suspected head of neck injury?
jaw thrust
how do you properly measure an OPA (orophaharengial airway) airway adjunct
from the corner of the mouth to the corner of the mandible
how do you properly measure for a nasal pharengial airway adjunct or NPA?
tip of the patients nose to the earlobe
which airway adjunct can be used I patients that are conscious and have a gag reflex
NPA
what are two things to remember when inserting an NPA?
use lubricating jelly, bevel to the septum
accidentally inflating the stomach after incorrect placement of an ET tube is called what?
gastric insufflation
what is the recommended method of ET tube placement confirmation?
waveform capnography
an abrupt increase in end tidal CO2 or waveform capnography may indicate what?
ROSC
when a CO2 detector detects CO2, what is the color change
from purple to yellow
what are the 8 D’s of stroke care?
detection dispatch delivery door data decision drug/device disposition
what is the time window for rTPA?
3 hours. It can be extended to 4.5 hours for some patients under certain conditions.
what should you do while a patient is receiving rtpa?
BP and neuro checks Q 15 minutes.
what are two contraindications to giving chewable aspirin?
allergy, active GI bleeding
what is PCI?
percutaneous coronary intervention or cardiac catheterization
when doing compressions, you should be pushing down __ inches
2
what is the indication for the use of magnesium in cardiac arrest?
Pulseless ventricular tachycardia-associated torsades de pointes
a patient is in cardiac arrest. Ventricular fibrillation has been refractory to a second shock. Which drug should be administered first? atropine 1 mg IV Epinephrine 1 mg IV Lidocaine 1 mg IV Sodium Bicarb 50 mEq IV
Epinephrine 1 mg IV
a patient with sinus bradycardia and a heart rate of 42/min had diaphoresis and a blood pressure of 80/60 mmHg. What is the initial dose of atropine?
0.5 mg
which intervention is most appropriate for the treatment of a patient in asystole? atropine defibrillation epinephrine transcutaneous pacing
epinephrine
a patient is in pulseless ventricular tachycardia. Two shocks and 1 dose of epinephrine have been given. Which drug should be given next? adenosine 6 mg amiodarone 300 mg epinephrine 3 mg lidocaine 0.5 mg/kg
amiodarone 300 mg
what is the maximum interval for pausing chest compressions?
10 seconds
how often should you provide BVM respirations to a patient in respiratory arrest?
every 5 - 6 seconds
what is the recommended compression rate for high quality CPR?
100 - 120 compressions per minute
defibrillation within __ to __ minutes of collapse is associated with high rates of survival
3 to 5 minutes.
Interruptions in compressions should be limited to events like rhythm analysis, intubation and shock, and should last no longer than __ seconds
10
__% of hospitalized patients with cardiorespiratory arrest had abnormal vital signs documented for up to __ hours before the actual arrest.
80%
8 hours
the reasonable goal for MAP in a post cardiac arrest patient is __ mmHg
65
The survival rate for IHCA is approximately __%
24
some of the criteria for an RRT are (3)
heart rate below 40
RR below 6
systolic BP lower than 90
how often should the compressor alternate and with whom?
with the AED operator.
Every 5 cycles or 2 minutes
what do you do if you are unsure about the presence of a pulse?
start compressions and rescue breaths anyway, compressions are less harmful than delay of resuscitation
when doing compressions, how often should you check for a pulse?
about every 2 minutes.
what should you do after shocking the patient?
immediately continue with compressions
how deep and how fast should you do your compressions?
2 inches deep and 100 to 120 compressions per minute
if Petco2 is below __mmHg than you should improve your CPR quality
10mmHg
the secondary assessment consists of asking questions about the underlying cause, consider the memory aid SAMPLE, which stands for what?
Signs and symptoms Allergies Medications Past medical Hx Last oral intake Events leading up to arrest.
the most common causes of cardiac arrest are presented as the H’s and T’s, what are the H’s? (5)
Hypovolemia Hypoxia Hydrogen ion (acidosis) Hypo-/Hyperkalemia Hypothermia
the most common causes of cardiac arrest are presented as the H’s and T’s, what are the T’s?
Tension pneumothorax Tamponade Toxins Thrombosis (cardiac) Thrombosis (pulmonary)
what are the 4 rhythms associated with cardiac arrest?
VF
pVT
asystole
PEA
which one of the H’s is most associated with PEA?
Hypovolemia
the normal respiratory rate is __ - __, and with a RR lower than __, assisted ventilation or an advanced airway is warranted.
12 - 20
6
a patient in a state characterized by an altered RR, nasal flaring, use of accessory muscles, increased effort, agitation, pale/ cool skin, abnormal lung sounds, is said to be in what state?
respiratory distress
the clinical state of inadequate oxygenation, ventilation, or both is called what?
respiratory failure, often said to be the end stage of respiratory distress.