ACIZI NUCLEICI Flashcards

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1
Q

CE REPREZINTA ACIZII NUCLEICI

A

Reprezintă polimeri ai căror monomeri sunt nucleotidele

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2
Q

Care sunt compenentele unei nucleotide si cate sunt ele

A

O nucleotidă este formată din trei componente:

O BAZA AZOTATA

(A-adenina, G-guanina, C-citozina, T-timidina, U-uracil),

UN GLUCID

(riboza
sau dezoxiriboza)

UN RADICAL DE ACID FOSFORIC

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3
Q

Ce se formeaza in urma unirii NUCLEOTIDELOR

A

Nucleotidele se unesc formând

catene polipeptidice de lungimi diferite.

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4
Q

cate tipuri de acizi nucleici se cunosc si care sunt ei

A

Se cunosc două tipuri de acizi nucleici:
DEZOXIRIBONUCLEIC ADN
RIBONUCLEIC ARN

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5
Q

unde se gaseste ADN

A

ADN-ul se conţine în

NUCLEU
MITOCONDRII
PLASTIDE

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6
Q

Din ce este formata o nucleotida

A
  1. O BAZA AZOTATA (A, G,C sau T)
  2. GLUCIDUL RIBOZA
  3. UN RADICAL DE ACID FOFORIC
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7
Q

prin ce fel de legaturi sunt legate NUCLEOTIDELE

A

LEGATURI DE HIDROGEN

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8
Q

cate legaturi de hirdrogen se formeaza intre ADENINA si TIMINA

A

2 legaturi

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9
Q

cate legaturi de hirdrogen se formeaza intre GUANINA si CITOZINA

A

3 legaturi

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10
Q

Functiile ADN

A
  1. Detine informatia codificata -gena (un segment de ADN care determmina un anumit caracter)
  2. DECODIFICA informatia ereditara prin sinteza de proteine specifice ce vor forma caracterele morfologice
  3. TRANSMITE-informatia ereditara generatiilor de celule si organisme
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11
Q

cum are loc formarea unui caracter

A

o gena->o proteina->un caracter

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12
Q

unde se contine/gaseste ARN

A
  1. nucleu
  2. citoplasma
  3. ribozomi
  4. mitocondrii
  5. plastide
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13
Q

tipurile de ARN

A
  1. ARN ribozomal
  2. ARN de transport
  3. AARN mesager
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14
Q

rolul ARN ribozomal

A

participa la bionsinteza proteinelor ,intra in componenta ribozomilor

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15
Q

rolul ARN mesager sau informativ

A

transmite informatia despre structura proteinelor din nucleu spre ribozomi

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16
Q

rolul ARN de transport

A

asigura deplasarea amino acizilor spre locul de sinteza al proteinelor

17
Q

ADENOZINTRIFOSFAT (ATP)

A

Un nucleotid alcatuit din:

  1. baza azotata ADENINA
  2. glucidul RIBOZA
  3. trei radicali de ACID FOSFORIC
18
Q

unde se gaseste/contine ATP

A

in citoplasma.mitocondrii.plastide,nucleu