Acinetobacter Flashcards
Which pathogen of tropical climate is an important cause of nosocomical infections?
Acinetobacter
What factors has contributed to the success of acinetobacter as an opportunistic pathogen :
They accumulate Multiple antibiotic resistance mechanism.
Which increases its antibiotic selective pressure.
2)Ability to survive well in the environment (including curtains and dust)
How many genospecies of A.bacter has spp name?
7/19
List the 7 spp of A. Bacter
A. junni
A. Iwoffi
A. Hemolyticus.
A. Jahnsonii
A. radioresistens.
A. calcoaceticus.
A. baumanni
Through which means does acinetobacter spread in ICU?
Fomites, environments and colonized HCW
Which patients are high risk to acinetobacter as a nosocomial pathogen?
Debilitated pts(ICU)
Does acinetobacter colonize military casualties?
Yes
List the risk factors for community acquired infxns in acinetobacter
Alcoholics
Smokers.
Chronic lung disease pts.
Diabetes.
People living in the tropics.
Developing countries.
List the hospital acquired infections risk factors of acinetobacter
ICU
TPN.
Surgery
wounds.
Urinary catheter,
Ventilator,
Length of stay in the hospital.
Treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics.
IV line
Why do they cause opportunistic infections?
Because they have very few virulence
What are the habitats of acinetobacter
Natural habitats : saprophytes in soil and water.
Occasional habitat : human moist skin
List the virulence factors as mentioned :
Capsule : ability to survive evading phagocytosis.
Bacterocin production.
Prolonged viability under dry conditions
Can acinetobacter spp affect almost every organ?
Yes
What’s the commonest site of infections for acinetobacter
Respiratory tract
List the respiratory tract infections of acinetobacter
Nosocomial Pneumonia :VAP,
Community acquired pneumonia.
Community acquired Tracheobronchitis
Bronchiolitis in children.
List the clinical features of acinetobacter
UTI
Colonize soft tissues (burns, wounds, device associated cellulitis)
Respiratory tract infxn
Endocarditis.
Eye infxn
List the microbiology features of acinetobacter relevant to its diagnosis :
It’s oxidase negative,
Catalase positive,
Appears as both gram negative
coccobacilli and gram positive.
It has white and mucoid colonies
Non motile.
Capsulated
List the biochemical relevant features necessary for diagnosis?
They are biochemically relatively unreactive but has the following characteristics :
Acidification of glucose.
Hemolysis of rbc.
Ability to grow at 44oc
What’s the treatment for acinetobacter?
Emperical treatment using a combination of :
Cephalosporin,
carbapenems,
Fluroquninolones,
aminoglycosides,..
Colistimethate sodium if local resistance rates are high.
Antibiotic susceptibility testing must be carried out.
Involve reference lab and infxn control team as appropriate.
What’s the prevention?
Hand hygiene.
Environmental cleaning
