Acinetobacter

Question 1

Which pathogen of tropical climate is an important cause of nosocomical infections?

Answer 1

Acinetobacter

Question 2

What factors has contributed to the success of acinetobacter as an opportunistic pathogen :

Answer 2

They accumulate Multiple antibiotic resistance mechanism.
Which increases its antibiotic selective pressure.

2)Ability to survive well in the environment (including curtains and dust)

Question 3

How many genospecies of A.bacter has spp name?

Answer 3

7/19

Question 4

List the 7 spp of A. Bacter

Answer 4

A. junni
A. Iwoffi
A. Hemolyticus.
A. Jahnsonii
A. radioresistens.
A. calcoaceticus.
A. baumanni

Question 5

Through which means does acinetobacter spread in ICU?

Answer 5

Fomites, environments and colonized HCW

Question 6

Which patients are high risk to acinetobacter as a nosocomial pathogen?

Answer 6

Debilitated pts(ICU)

Question 7

Does acinetobacter colonize military casualties?

Answer 7

Yes

Question 8

List the risk factors for community acquired infxns in acinetobacter

Answer 8

Alcoholics
Smokers.
Chronic lung disease pts.
Diabetes.
People living in the tropics.
Developing countries.

Question 9

List the hospital acquired infections risk factors of acinetobacter

Answer 9

ICU
TPN.
Surgery
wounds.
Urinary catheter,
Ventilator,
Length of stay in the hospital.
Treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics.
IV line

Question 10

Why do they cause opportunistic infections?

Answer 10

Because they have very few virulence

Question 11

What are the habitats of acinetobacter

Answer 11

Natural habitats : saprophytes in soil and water.
Occasional habitat : human moist skin

Question 12

List the virulence factors as mentioned :

Answer 12

Capsule : ability to survive evading phagocytosis.

Bacterocin production.

Prolonged viability under dry conditions

Question 13

Can acinetobacter spp affect almost every organ?

Answer 13

Yes

Question 14

What’s the commonest site of infections for acinetobacter

Answer 14

Respiratory tract

Question 15

List the respiratory tract infections of acinetobacter

Answer 15

Nosocomial Pneumonia :VAP,

Community acquired pneumonia.

Community acquired Tracheobronchitis

Bronchiolitis in children.

Question 16

List the clinical features of acinetobacter

Answer 16

UTI
Colonize soft tissues (burns, wounds, device associated cellulitis)

Respiratory tract infxn

Endocarditis.

Eye infxn

Question 17

List the microbiology features of acinetobacter relevant to its diagnosis :

Answer 17

It’s oxidase negative,

Catalase positive,

Appears as both gram negative
coccobacilli and gram positive.

It has white and mucoid colonies

Non motile.
Capsulated

Question 18

List the biochemical relevant features necessary for diagnosis?

Answer 18

They are biochemically relatively unreactive but has the following characteristics :

Acidification of glucose.
Hemolysis of rbc.
Ability to grow at 44oc

Question 19

What’s the treatment for acinetobacter?

Answer 19

Emperical treatment using a combination of :
Cephalosporin,
carbapenems,
Fluroquninolones,
aminoglycosides,..

Colistimethate sodium if local resistance rates are high.

Antibiotic susceptibility testing must be carried out.

Involve reference lab and infxn control team as appropriate.

Question 20

What’s the prevention?

Answer 20

Hand hygiene.
Environmental cleaning