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Chemistry > Acids, Bases and Salts > Flashcards

Acids, Bases and Salts Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an acid?

A

A substance that dissolves in water to produce hydrogen ions (H+). This solution:

  • Contains an excess of H+ ions
  • Turns litmus red
  • Has a pH lower than 7
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2
Q

What is an alkaline?

A

A substance that dissolves in water to produce hydroxide ions (OH-). This solution:

  • Contains an excess of OH- ions
  • Turns litmus blue
  • Has a pH higher than 7
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3
Q

Indicator

A

A indicator allows to detect whether a solution is acidic or not. (litmus, methyl orange)

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4
Q

Indicator (Litmus) Color change

A

Acid - Turns blue litmus red

Base - Turns red litmus back to blue

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5
Q

Universal indicator

A

a mixture of dyes that changes color gradually over a range of pH and is used (especially as indicator paper) in testing for acids and alkalis

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6
Q

pH scale rules

A
  • Acids have a pH less than 7
  • The more acidic a solution the lower its pH
  • Neutral substances such as pure water has a pH of 7
  • Alkalis have a pH higher than 7
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7
Q

Corrosive

A

A corrosive material is a highly reactive substance that causes obvious damage to living tissue.

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8
Q

The characteristics of oxides

A
  • Non metals generally form acidic oxides that dissolve in water to form acidic solutions
  • Metals form oxides that are solids. If they dissolve in water, these oxides give alkaline solutions. These metal oxides neutralize acids and basic oxides
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9
Q

Amphoteric hydroxide

A

A hydroxide or metal oxide that reacts with both acid and an alkali to give salt and water.

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10
Q

Neutralization

A

A neutralization reaction occurs when a salt is formed during an reaction. equation - acid + base = salt + water

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11
Q

Base

A

A substance that reacts with acid to form salt and water only

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12
Q

Alkali

A

A base that is soluble in water. They are mostly in aqueous form.

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13
Q

Common alkalis

A
  • Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
  • Potassium hydroxide (KOH)
  • Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂)
  • Ammonium hydroxide (NH₄OH)
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14
Q

Base Characteristics

A
  • Neutralizes acids to give salt and water only
  • are the oxides and hydroxides of metals
  • are mainly insoluble in water
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15
Q

Alkalis Characteristics

A
  • Feel soapy to the skin
  • turn litmus blue
  • gives solution with pH greater than 7
  • gives solutions that contain OH- ions
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16
Q

Antacids examples

A
  • Magnesium oxide (MgO)
  • Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2)
  • Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)
  • Sodium hydrogencarbonate (NaHCO3)
  • Calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
  • magnesium carbonate (MgCO3)
17
Q

Salt

A

A compound made from a acid when a metal takes the place of hydrogen in the acid

18
Q

Acid with metal

A

Metal + Acid = salt +hydrogen

19
Q

Salt made in hydrochloric acid

A

Salt made in hydrochloric acid is chloride

20
Q

Salt made in nitric acid

A

Salt made in nitric acid is nitrate

21
Q

Salt made in Sulfuric acid

A

Salt made in Sulfuric acid is sulfate

22
Q

Salt made in Ethanoic acid

A

Salt made in Ethanoic acid is ethanoate

23
Q

Acid with carbonate

A

Acid + metal carbonate = salt + water + CO2

24
Q

Test for carbonates using acids

A

Carbon dioxide gas bubbles if carbonate ions are present.

25
Q

Precipitation

A

The sudden formation of a solid, either:

  • when two solutions are mixed
  • When gas is bubbled into a solution
26
Q

Acid with base

A

Acid + Base = Salt + Water

Chemistry (5 decks)

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