Acids, Bases And Salts Flashcards
How can salt solutions be turned in to solid salts?
Crystallisation
How can insoluble salts be made?
By mixing appropriate solutions of ions so that a precipitate is formed.
What are metal oxides and hydroxides?
Bases
What are soluble hydroxides called?
Alkalis
The particular salt produced in any reaction between an acid and a base or alkali depends on:
The acid used (hydrochloric acid produces chlorides, nitric acid produces nitrates, sulphuric acid produces sulphates
A metal in the base or alkali
What happen to ammonia when placed in water?
In dissolves to produce an alkaline solution
It is used to produce ammonia salts
Ammonia salts are important as fertilisers
What do hydrogen ion (H+ aq) make a solution?
Acidic
What do hydroxide ions (OH- aq) make solutions?
Alkaline
What is the pH scale?
It is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution
What happens in neutralisation reactions?
He hydrogen ions react with the hydroxide ions to produce water
Soluble salts can be made from acids by reacting them with:
Metals - not all metals are suitable; some are too reactive and others are not reactive enough
Insoluble bases - the base is added to the acid until no more will react and the excess solid is filtered off
Alkalis - an indicator can be used to show when the acid and alkali have completely reacted to produce a salt solution
What can precipitation be used for?
Precipitation can be used to remove unwanted ions from solutions, for example in treating water for drinking or in treating effluent
