Acids Bases And Salts Flashcards
Everyday acids
Lemon juice, vinegar, soft drinks
What do acids do when dissolved in water
Release positively charged hydrogen ions
Properties of acids
Corrosive, conducts electricity, sour taste
What do soluble bases (.i.e alkalis) do when dissolved in water
Release hydrogen ions
Properties of bases
Conducts electricity, bitter, slippery, corrosive
Everyday example of bases
Chalks, soap, cleaning products
What is a indicator
A chemical that gives a colour change in acidic, alkaline, and neutral solutions
Colour of phenolphthalein in acid
Colourless
Colour of phenolphthalein in alkali
Pink
Colour of phenolphthalein in neutral
Colourless
Colour of methyl orange in acid
Red
Colour of methyl orange in alkali
Yellow
Colour of methyl orange in neutral
Orange
What does a pH meter record to
Records the pH to two decimal places
A ……. Acid ionises completely in water
Strong
A ……. Acid ionises partially in water
Weal
A ……. Alkali ionises completely in water
Strong
A ……. Alkali ionises partially in water
Weak
Acids dissolve in water to produce
H+ ions
Alkalis dissolve in water to produce
OH- ions
A concentrated acid contains a …….. number of acid particles dissolved per unit volume
Large
A dilute acid contains a ……. Number of acid particles dissolved per unit volume
Small
Neutralisation definition
The reaction between an acid and an alkali producing a salt and water
What is a salt
The compound formed when some or all of the hydrogen ions in an acid are replaced with metal ions or ammonium ions
Hydrogen test
Apply a lighted splint
Squeaky pop is heard
Carbon dioxide test
Bubble gas through lime water
Limewater changes colour from colourless to milky white
Observations of reactions
If gas produced - bubbles of gas produced
If a solid - solid disappears and solution is produced
If solution produced - mention colour
Most acid reactions (except copper oxide + acid, sodium hydrogen carbonate + acid) are exothermic - heat is released
Colour of copper (ll) oxide
Black solid
Colour of copper (ll) carbonate
Green solid
Colour of hydrated copper (ll) sulfate
Blue crystals
Colour of copper (ll) salts in solution
Blue solution
Colour of group 1, group 2, aluminium and zinc compounds
White solids and if dissolved go colourless
Methods of drying salts
Dessicator
Low temp oven
Dry between two sheets of filter paper
