Acids, Bases and Salts Flashcards
What is defined as an acid?
An acid is a substance that produces H+ ions when dissolved in water.
What is the general word equation for the reaction between acids and metals?
acid + metal -> salt + hydrogen
Why can’t calcium react fully with dilute sulfuric acid?
Calcium sulfate is insoluble. The reaction results in a layer of calcium sulfate coated around calcium, preventing it from further reaction.
What is the general word equation for the reaction between acids and carbonates?
acid + carbonate -> salt + water + carbon dioxide
What is the general word equation for the reaction between acid and base?
acid + base -> salt + water
What is defined as an alkali?
An alkali is a soluble base that produces OH- ions in water.
What is the general word equation for the reaction between base and ammonium salt?
base + ammonium salt -> salt + ammonia + water
What defines a strong acid?
A strong acid is an acid that ionises completely in water to produce a large amount of H+ ions. This leads to a smaller pH value.
What is a basic oxide?
Basic oxides are metal oxides that react with acids only.
What is an acidic oxide?
Acidic oxides are non-metal oxides that react with alkalis only.
What are amphoteric oxides?
Amphoteric oxides are metal oxides that react with both acids and alkalis.
What are neutral oxides?
Neutral oxides are non-metal oxides that do not react with acids or alkalis.
What are the three amphoteric oxides?
Zinc oxide, aluminium oxide, lead oxide
Which 5 common salts are insoluble?
Sulfates: Calcium, Lead, Barium
Chloride: Silver, Lead
When do we use titration to prepare salts?
When both the reactants, as well as the product, is an aqueous solution.
In titration, why is the solution slowly left to cool after being heated to saturation?
This allows bigger crystals to form.
When do we use the adding excess method to prepare salts?
When one of the reactants is an insoluble carbonate or base.
In the adding excess method, which reactant is added in excess?
The insoluble carbonate or base; this ensures that all acid has been reacted
When do we use the precipitation method to produce salts?
When the product of the salt is insoluble. The reactants also have to meet the following requirements:
- Both must be aqueous
- Can only be salt + salt, or salt + acid
What are the three essential conditions for the Haber process?
450˚C - Moderate speed of reaction and yield
200 atm - Moderate yield and cost
Finely divided iron catalyst
