Acids, Bases and Metals Flashcards
What is a solution?
A mixture formed when a solute dissolves in a solvent
What is a solute?
The substance that is dissolved
What is a solvent?
The liquid that does the dissolving
A neutral solution has a what concentration of H+ and OH- ions?
Neutral
Acidic solutions have a greater concentration of what?
They have a greater concentration of H+ ions than OH-
Alkaline solutions have a greater concentration of what?
They have a greater concentration of OH- ions than H+
The pH of an acidic/alkaline solution heads towards pH 7 when diluted with water
Diluting an acidic solution with water will..?
Decrease the concentration of H+ ions and increase the pH towards 7
Diluting an alkaline solution with water will..?
Decrease the concentration of OH- ions and decrease the pH towards 7
Soluble, non-metal substances form what in water?
Acidic solutions
Soluble, metal substances form what in water?
Alkaline solutions
Insoluble substances form what in water?
They don’t affect the pH of the water, (appears neutral)
What are the 4 bases I need to know? (also bases neutralise acids)
Metal oxides, metal carbonates, metal hydroxides and ammonia
A neutralisation reaction is?
Where a base reacts with an acid to form water
Acid + metal oxide»_space;
Salt + water
Acid + hydroxide»_space;
Salt + water
Acid + carbonate»_space;
Salt + water + carbon dioxide
What is the reactivity series?
A series of the reactivity of metals with water, acid and oxygen
Acid (ions)
greater concentration of H+ ions than OH- ions
Alkaline
greater concentration of OH- ions than H+ ions
What is a precipitate?
A solid or insoluble product formed from solutions during a reaction
What is a salt?
A compound made when the H+ ions of an acid are replaced by metal ions or ammonium ions
What is a titration?
An experimental method used to accurately determine the concentration of an unknown acid or alkali solution. It can also be used to prepare soluble salts
What is a neutralisation reaction?
A reaction in which an acid and base react to form salt and water
What is a base?
A substance which reacts to neutralise an acid
What isba dissociation?
When a substance separates into positive and negative ions in solution
