acids and solutions

Question 1

list the names/formulae of the common acids

Answer 1

hydrochloric HCl
sulfuric H2SO4
nitric HNO3
ethanoic CH3COOH

Question 2

list the names/formulae of the common alkalis

Answer 2

sodium hydroxide NaOH
potassium hydroxide KOH
ammonia NH3

Question 3

define strong acid

Answer 3

an acid that dissociates completely in a solution

Question 4

define weak acid

Answer 4

an acid that partially dissociates in a solution

Question 5

what is a neutralisation reaction?

Answer 5

a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react together to produce a salt

Question 6

acid + metal = ?

Answer 6

salt + hydrogen

Question 7

acid + metal oxide/hydroxide = ?

Answer 7

salt + water

Question 8

acid + metal carbonate = ?

Answer 8

salt + water + carbon dioxide

Question 9

how do you prepare a standard solution?

Answer 9

1. weigh the solid
2. dissolve solid in beaker using distilled water
3. transfer solution to volumetric flask and rinse beaker with distilled water
4. fill the flask to the graduation line with distilled water- so that the bottom of the meniscus lines up exactly with the mark (view at eye level)
5. insert the stopper and invert the volumetric flask several times to mix the solution thoroughly

Question 10

how do you convert from mol dm-3 to g dm -3?

Answer 10

concentration (mol dm3) = concentration (g dm3) / molar mass

Question 11

what are the key stages in titration calculations?

Answer 11

1. work out the amount in mol of the solution of known concentration and volume
2. use the equation to work out the amount in mol of the other solution (using molar ratio)
3. work out the unknown concentration of that solution using the moles and the volume

Question 12

what is a standard solution?

Answer 12

a solution of a known concentration

Question 13

acid + alkali = ?

Answer 13

salt + water