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a level chemistry ocr a > acids and bases & titration > Flashcards

acids and bases & titration Flashcards

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1
Q

acid

A

substance that releases H+ ions in an aqueous solution (a proton donor)

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2
Q

base

A

substance that removes H+ ions from an aqueous solution (a proton acceptor)

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3
Q

strong acid

A

an acid that almost completely ionises/dissociates in an aqueous solution

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4
Q

weak base

A

a base that only slightly ionises/dissociates in an aquous solution

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5
Q

salt formed by the acids: hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid

A

chloride, sulfate, nitrate

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6
Q

product formed when an acid reacts with a base

A

a salt and water

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7
Q

product formed when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate

A

a salt, carbon dioxide and water

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8
Q

product formed when an acid reacts with a metal

A

a salt and hydrogen

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9
Q

ethanoic acid

A

CH3COOH

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10
Q

Alkali

A

Release OH- ions in aqueous solutions
Soluble in water

Eg NaOH
KOH

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11
Q

Acid + metal

A

Salt + hydrogen

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12
Q

Acid + metal oxide

A

Salt + water

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13
Q

Acid + metal hydroxide

A

Salt + water

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14
Q

Acid + metal carbonate

A

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

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15
Q

Neutralisation

A

Acid + metal
Acid + metal oxide
Acid + metal hydroxide

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16
Q

Redox

A

Acid + metal carbonate

17
Q

Salt

A

Any chemical compound formed from an acid when a H+ ion from the acid has been replaced by a metal ion or another positive ion

E.g. ammonium ion, NH4+

18
Q

Hydrated

A

Crystalline compounds contain water molecules

19
Q

Anhydrous

A

Substances that contain no water molecules

20
Q

H3O

A

Hydronium ion

21
Q

Acids and bases with water

A

Form a reversible reaction

22
Q

Polyprotic acids

A

Acids that can donate more than one proton

23
Q

Weak base info

A

NH3

Backwards reaction favoured so not many OH ions produced

NH3 + H2O = NH4 + OH

24
Q

Strong base info

A

Ex NaOH, KOH

Forward reaction favoured strongly. Lots of OH ions produced

NaOH = Na + OH

25
Q

Strong acid info

A

Ex HCl, H2SO4, HNO3

Forwards reaction favoured strongly. Lots of H+ produced

HCl = H+ + Cl-

26
Q

Ammonia exemption

A

Ammonia doesn’t produce OH ions directly

It reacts with water first and accepts a proton to produce ammonium ions and OH ions

27
Q

Salts are made from

A

Metal and non-metal

28
Q

Ammonia + acids

A

Ammonium salts but no water

2NH3 + H2SO4 > (NH4)2SO4

29
Q

Triprotic

A

1 mole of H3PO4 will produce 3 moles of H+ ions

30
Q

Diprotic

A

1 mole of H2SO4 will produce 2 moles of H+ ions

31
Q

Monoprotic

A

Eg nitric acid

1 mole of HNO3 will produce 1 mole of H+ ions

32
Q

Weak acid example + info

A

CH3COOH (ethanoic acid) and other carboxylic acids

Backwards reaction favoured so not many H+ produced

CH3COOH = CH3COO + H+

33
Q

Making standard solutions

A

Weigh the sample bottle containing the required mass of the solid on a 2dp balance

Transfer to beaker & rinse to transfer all of solid

Add 100cm3 of distilled water to beaker. Use a glass rod to stir to dissolve the solid

Pour solution into 250cm3 graduated flask via a funnel

Rinse beaker and funnel and add washings from the beaker and glass rod to the volumetric flask

Make up to the mark with distilled water, using a dropping pipettes for the last few drops, fill so meniscus sits of the line

Invert several times to ensure uniform solution

34
Q

Standard solutions

A

Titrated against the unknown concentration in the conical flask

have a known concentration

Made from solids with a known mass dissolved in water to fixed volume in volumetric flask

35
Q

Titrations use

A

To work out the concentration of an acid or alkali

36
Q

Ions dissociating

A

When soluble ionic solids dissolve in water, they will dissociate into separate ions

This can lead to the concentration of ions differing from the concentration of the solute

37
Q

Diluting a solution

A

Pipettes 25cm3 of original solution into a 250cm3 volumetric flask

Make up to the mark with distilled water using a dropping pipettes for the last few drops

Invert flask several times to ensure uniform solution

38
Q

New diluted concentration

A

= original conc x (original vol/new diluted vol)

39
Q

Safety and hazards

A

Irritant - dilute acid and alkalis so wear goggles

Corrosive - stronger acids and alkalis wear goggles

Flammable - keep away from naked flames

Toxic - wear gloves, avoid skin contact, wash hands after use

Oxidising - keep away from flammable or easily oxidised materials

a level chemistry ocr a (26 decks)

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