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a level chemistry ocr a > 2.2.2 structure types > Flashcards

2.2.2 structure types Flashcards

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1
Q

Monatomic substances

A

Group 0 elements

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2
Q

Simple molecular substances

A

Elements: H2 O2 N2 F2 Cl2 Br2 I2 S8 P4

Compounds: non-metal with non-metal

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3
Q

Giant covalent substances

A

Elements: Si, diamond, graphite, graphemes

Compounds: SiO2

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4
Q

Ionic substances

A

Compounds: metal and non-metal

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5
Q

Metallic substances

A

Elements: Metals

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6
Q

Monatomic structure

A

Individual atoms with very weak forces between them

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7
Q

Simple molecular structure

A

Lots of individual molecules with weak forces between the molecules

(the atoms within molecules are joined by covalent bonds)

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8
Q

Giant covalent structure

A

Lattice structure in which all atoms are joined together in a giant network by covalent bonds

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9
Q

Ionic structure

A

Lattice structure of positive and negative ions

The ions are held together by the strong electrostatic attraction between the + and - ions, known as ionic bonding

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10
Q

Metallic structure

A

Lattice structure of metal atoms where the outer shell electrons from each atom are delocalised

There is a strong attraction between the positive nucleus of the atoms and the cloud of negative delocalised electrons (metallic bonding)

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11
Q

Monatomic bonding

A

None

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12
Q

Simple molecular bonding

A

Covalent (within molecules)

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13
Q

Giant covalent bonding

A

Covalent

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14
Q

Ionic bonding

A

Ionic

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15
Q

Metallic bonding

A

Metallic

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16
Q

Simple molecular formula (molecular)

A

Gives number of atoms of each type in one molecule

E.g. glucose C6H12O6

Each molecule contains 6C, 12H and 6O atoms

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17
Q

Monatomic empirical formula

A

Just the symbol

E.g. Ar

18
Q

Simple molecular formula (empirical;)

A

Gives ratio of atoms in substance

E.g. glucose CH2O

Ratio of C:H:O atoms is 1:2:1

19
Q

Giant covalent formula (empirical)

A

Gives ratio of atoms in substance

E.g. SiO2

Ratio of Si:O atoms is 1:2

20
Q

Ionic formula (empirical)

A

Gives ratio of ions in substance

E.g. MgCl2

Ratio of Mg2+:Cl- ions is 1:2

21
Q

Metallic formula (empirical)

A

Just the symbol

E.g. Fe

22
Q

Monatomic M&BP

A

Very low due to very weak forces between atoms

23
Q

Monatomic

Higher M&BP occur when

A

The heavier the atoms, the stronger the forces between the atoms, resulting in higher M&BP

24
Q

Simple molecular M&BP

A

Low due to weak forces between the molecules

The atoms within the molecules are held together by strong covalent bonds, but these do not break when molecules melt/boil

25
Q

Simple molecules

higher M&BP occur when

A

The stronger the intermolecular forces

26
Q

Giant covalent M&BP

A

Very high due to large amount of covalent bonds

27
Q

Giant covalent

Higher M&BP occur when

A

The stronger the covalent bonds

28
Q

Ionic M&BP

A

High due to strong electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions

29
Q

Ionic

Higher M&BP occur when

A

The smaller the ions and the higher the charge on the ions the stronger the attraction between the positive and negative ions

30
Q

Metallic M&BP

A

High due to strong electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and delocalised negative electron

31
Q

Metallic

Higher M&BP occur when

A

The smaller the ions, the higher the charge on the ions

the more delocalised electrons, the stronger the metallic bonding

32
Q

Monatomic conductivity

A

Do not conduct

Contain no mobile ions or electrons

33
Q

Simple molecular conductivity

A

Do not conduct

Contain no mobile ions or electrons

34
Q

Giant covalent conductivity

A

Diamond, Si, SiO2

Do not conduct as they contain no mobile ions or electrons

Graphite, graphene

Conduct as delocalised electrons carry charge through structure

35
Q

Ionic conductivity

A

Solids
Do not conduct as ions are not mobile

Liquids and solutions

Conduct as mobile ions carry charge through structure

36
Q

Metallic conductivity

A

Conduct as delocalised electrons carry charge through structure

37
Q

Monatomic solubility (aq)

A

Insoluble

38
Q

Simple molecular solubility (aq)

A

Insoluble (usually)

39
Q

Giant covalent solubility (aq)

A

Insoluble

40
Q

Ionic solubility (aq)

A

Soluble (usually)

41
Q

Metallic solubility (aq)

A

Insoluble

a level chemistry ocr a (26 decks)

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