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Anachem 101 > Acids and Bases Part 3 > Flashcards

Acids and Bases Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Ventilation affects the pH of the blood

A

TRUE

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2
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Ventilation do nothing to the pH of the blood

A

FALSE

Ventilation affects the pH of the blood, this system is called the “respiratory”

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3
Q

What system does ventilation affects the pH of the blood?

A

respiratory

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4
Q

Components of acid-base balance.

A

respiratory and nonrespiratoryor metabolic component of acid-base balance.

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5
Q

Controls bicarbonate concentration

A

Renal system

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6
Q

The overall reaction results in the reabsorption of sodium and bicarbonate in the kidney tubules.

A

Renal system

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7
Q

Fill in the blanks.

The overall reaction results in the reabsorption of _________ in the kidney tubules.

A

sodium and bicarbonate

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8
Q

These substances pick up excess hydrogen ions.

A

nonrespiratory or metabolic

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9
Q

How does the lungs regulate pH?

A

through retention or elimination of CO2 by changing the rate and volume of ventilation.

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10
Q

How does the kidneys regulate pH?

A

by excreting acid, primarily in the ammonium ion, and by reclaiming HCO₃⁻ from the glomerular filtrate.

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11
Q

Fill in the blanks.

The kidneys regulate pH by excreting acid, primarily in the ammonium ion, and by reclaiming HCO₃⁻ from the ________.

A

glomerular filtrate

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12
Q

Fill in the blanks.

The kidneys regulate pH by excreting acid, primarily in the _____, and by reclaiming HCO₃⁻ from the glomerular filtrate.

A

ammonium ion

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13
Q

Fill in the blanks.

The kidneys regulate pH by excreting acid, primarily in the ammonium ion, and by reclaiming _____ from the glomerular filtrate.

A

HCO₃⁻

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14
Q

Fill in the blanks.

The lungs regulate pH through retention or elimination of CO2 by changing the rate and __________ .

A

volume of ventilation

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15
Q

An acid-base disorder that results from hypoventilation

A

Respiratory acidosis

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16
Q

Which acid-base disorder causes a decrease in carbon dioxide elimination?

A

Respiratory acidosis

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17
Q

Compensation occurs by the kidneys increasing the resorption of bicarbonate.

A

Respiratory acidosis

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18
Q

An acid-base disorder results from an increase in ventilation.

A

Respiratory alkalosis

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19
Q

An acid-base disorder resulting in excessive elimination of carbon dioxide.

A

Respiratory alkalosis

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20
Q

Compensation occurs by the kidneys excreting more bicarbonate.

A

Respiratory alkalosis

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21
Q

An acid-base disorder that occurs in many disorders and results in a decrease in bicarbonate levels.

A

Nonrespiratory (metabolic) acidosis

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22
Q

The lungs compensate by hyperventilating.

A

Nonrespiratory (metabolic) acidosis

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23
Q

Is produced in many disorders and results in an increase in bicarbonate levels.

A

Nonrespiratory (metabolic) alkalosis

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24
Q

The lungs compensate by hypoventilation.

A

Nonrespiratory (metabolic) alkalosis

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25
Q

Migration of charged particles in some medium (either liquid or solid) when an electrical field is applied.

A

Electrophoresisis

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26
Q

Used clinically to separate and identify proteins

A

Electrophoresisis

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27
Q

Includes serum, urine and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins, lipoproteins, isoenzymes, and so on.

A

Electrophoresisis

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28
Q

Migrate toward the positive electrode (anode)

A

negatively charged particles

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29
Q

migrate toward the negative electrode (cathode)

A

positively charged particles

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30
Q

positive electrode

A

anode

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31
Q

negative electrode

A

cathode

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32
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Positive electrode is cathode.

A

False

Positive electrode is anode.

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33
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Negative electrode is anode.

A

False

Negative electrode is cathode.

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34
Q

The movement of charged molecules in a porous supporting medium where the molecules(macro) separate as distinct zones.

A

Zone electrophoresis

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35
Q

Refers to the migration of small ions

A

Iontophoresis

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36
Q

What charged particles will migrate towards the anode (+electrode).

A

Negatively charged particles

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37
Q

What charged particles will migrate towards the cathode (-electrode).

A

Positively charged particles

38
Q

Directly proportional to rate of movement

A

Charge of the molecule

39
Q

Inversely proportional to rate of movement

A

Size of the molecule

40
Q

Increased current increases migration rate

A

Electrical field

41
Q

Increased ionic strength decreases migration rate

A

Ionic strength of buffer

42
Q

Decreased pH slows migration

A

pH of buffer

43
Q

Inversely proportional to migration rate

A

Viscosity of supporting medium

44
Q

High temperature can denature protein and slow migration

A

System temperature

45
Q

Paper electrophoresis use has been replaced by cellulose acetate or agarose gel in clinical laboratories.

A

Cellulose Acetate

46
Q

What electrophoresis has been replaced by cellulose acetate or agarose gel?

A

Paper electrophoresis

47
Q

Widely used supporting medium

A

Agarose Gel

48
Q

Only requires small amounts of sample (approx. 2 mL)

A

Agarose Gel

49
Q

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis involves separation of protein on the basis of charge and molecular size.

A

Polyacrylamide Gel

50
Q

Involves separation of protein on the basis of charge and molecular size.

A

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

51
Q

Same with polyacrylamide

A

Starch Gel

52
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Separated protein fractions are stained to reveal their locations.

A

TRUE

53
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Different stains come with different plates from same manufacturers.

A

FALSE

different manufacturers.

54
Q

ELECTROPHORESIS

Stains used for visualizing serum proteins

A

Amido black B, Ponceau S, and Coomassie brilliant blue

55
Q

ELECTROPHORESIS

Amido black B, Ponceau S, and Coomassie brilliant blue stains are used for visualizing what?

A

Serum proteins

56
Q

ELECTROPHORESIS

Used for CSF proteins

A

Silver nitrate

57
Q

ELECTROPHORESIS

Used for lipoproteins

A

fat red 7B and oil red O

58
Q

What are fat red 7B and oil red O used for?

A

Used for lipoproteins

59
Q

Used for lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes.

A

nitrotetrazolium blue

60
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Nitrotetrazolium blue is used for lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes.

A

TRUE

61
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Silver nitrate is used for lipoproteins

A

FALSE

Silver nitrate is used for CSF proteins

62
Q

Simplest way to accomplish detection is visualization under ?

A

UV light

63
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Simplest way to accomplish detection is visualization under moon light.

A

FALSE

Simplest way to accomplish detection is visualization under UV light.

64
Q

Most common and reliable way for quantitation.

A

densitometry

65
Q

What percentage does a human body contains?

A

66% mass of a person is water

66
Q

What percentage is earth covered by water?

A

71% is covered by water

67
Q

What percentage is earth covered by water in ice?

A

3% is ice

68
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Water is needed to sustain all living matters.

A

TRUE

69
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Water is not needed to sustain all living matters.

A

FALSE

70
Q

What is the importance of blood gas homeostasis?

A

To assess acid-base balance

71
Q

TRUE or FALSE

When pH increases, it denotes alkalinity, it needs to produce acid to meet the normal level.

A

TRUE

72
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Acidosis causes acidemia

A

TRUE

73
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Alkalosis causes alkalemia

A

TRUE

74
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Alkalosis causes acidemia

A

FALSE

Alkalosis causes alkalemia

75
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Acidosis causes alkalemia

A

FALSE

Acidosis causes acidemia

76
Q

Able to carry metabolic waste or waste products

A

RBC

77
Q

Protein that binds oxygen

A

hemoglobin

78
Q

If haven’t transported the oxygen

A

oxyhemoglobin

79
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Numerator denotes kidney function

A

TRUE

80
Q

Denominator denotes lung function

A

TRUE

81
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Numerator denotes lung function

A

FALSE

Numerator denotes KIDNEY function

82
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Denominator denotes kidney function

A

FALSE

Denominator denotes LUNG function

83
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Respiratory acidosis- decrease in pH

A

TRUE

84
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Respiratory alkalosis- increase in pH

A

TRUE

85
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Nonrespiratory acidosis- decrease in pH

A

TRUE

86
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Nonrespiratory alkalosis- increase in pH

A

TRUE

87
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Respiratory acidosis- increase in pH

A

FALSE

Respiratory ALKALOSIS- increase in pH

88
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Respiratory alkalosis-decrease in pH

A

FALSE

Respiratory alkalosis-increase in pH

89
Q

What are the pH of buffer?

A

acidic buffer & alkaline buffer

90
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Nonrespiratory acidosis-increase in pH

A

FALSE

Nonrespiratory acidosis-DECREASE in pH

91
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Nonrespiratory alkalosis- decrease in pH

A

FALSE

Nonrespiratory alkalosis- INCREASE in pH

Anachem 101 (5 decks)

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