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Anachem 101 > Acids and Bases > Flashcards

Acids and Bases Flashcards

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1
Q

Donates protons

A

Acid

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2
Q

Accepts protons

A

Base

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3
Q

Are molecules or substance that has a positive electric charge

A

Protons

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4
Q

Formed when an acid loses a proton-formed

A

Conjugate base

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5
Q

When a base accepts a proton

A

Conjugate acid

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6
Q

A positively charged ion

A

Cation

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7
Q

A negatively charged ion

A

Anion

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8
Q

Is an ion that has both positive and a negative charge

A

Zwitterion

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9
Q

French chemist proposed that all acids contain a common element oxygen.

A

Antoine Lavoisier

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10
Q

Antoine Lavoisier proposed that all acids contain a common element. What common element is this?

A

Oxygen

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11
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Oxygen is derived from a Greek phrase meaning “acid former.”

A

True

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12
Q

Oxygen is derived from a Greek phrase meaning what?

A

acid former

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13
Q

Showed in 1810 that muriatic acid (now called hydrochloric acid) contains only hydrogen and chlorine but no oxygen

A

English chemist Sir Humphrey Davy

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14
Q

Muriatic acid is now called?

A

Hydrochloric acid

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15
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Muriatic acid contains only hydrogen and chlorine and there is oxygen

A

FALSE

Muriatic acid contains only hydrogen and chlorine BUT NO oxygen

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16
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Davy’s studies suggested that the common element in acids is hydrogen, not oxygen.

A

TRUE

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17
Q

Who suggested that the common element in acids is hydrogen, not oxygen?

A

English chemist Sir Humphrey Davy

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18
Q

In 1887, who clarified the relationship between acidic behavior and the presence of hydrogen in a compound?

A

Swedish chemist Svance Arrhenius (1859-1927)

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19
Q

A substance that dissociates in water to give hydrogen ions (H^+)

A

An acid

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20
Q

A substance that dissociates in water to give hydroxide ions (OH-)

A

A base

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21
Q

General formula for metal hydroxide

A

MOH

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22
Q

Accounts for the properties of many common acids and bases, but it has important limitations.

A

Arrhenius theory

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23
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Arrhenius theory is restricted to aqueous solutions

A

TRUE

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24
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Arrhenius theory is open to all aqueous solutions

A

FALSE

Arrhenius theory is restricted to aqueous solutions

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25
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Arrhenius theory it doesn’t account for the basicity of substances

A

TRUE

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26
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Arrhenius theory it does account for the basicity of substances

A

FALSE

Arrhenius theory it DOESN’T account for the basicity of substances

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27
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Arrhenius theory it doesn’t account for the basicity of substances like corona (NH₂) that don’t contain OH groups.

A

TRUE

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28
Q

In 1923, a more general theory of acids and bases was proposed independently by

A

Danish chemist Johannes Bronsted and English chemist Thomas Lowry

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29
Q

TRUE or FALSE

According to the Bronsted-Lowry theory, an acid is any substance that can transfer a proton to another substance

A

TRUE

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30
Q

TRUE or FALSE

According to the Bronsted-Lowry theory, a base is any substance that can accept a proton.

A

TRUE

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31
Q

TRUE or FALSE

According to the Bronsted-Lowry theory, a base is any substance that can transfer a proton to another substance

A

FALSE

It should be an acid, not a base

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32
Q

TRUE or FALSE

According to the Bronsted-Lowry theory, an acid is any substance that can accept a proton.

A

FALSE

It should be a base, not an acid

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33
Q

Any substance that can accept a proton.

A

A base

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34
Q

Is any substance that can transfer a proton to another substance

A

An acid

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35
Q

Proton donors

A

Acids

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36
Q

Proton acceptors

A

Bases

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37
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Bases are proton donors

A

FALSE

Bases are proton acceptors

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38
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Acids are proton acceptors

A

FALSE

Acids are proton donors

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39
Q

Are proton-transfer reactions:

A

Acid-base reactions

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40
Q

A substance that can transfer H^+

A

Bronsted-Lowry Acid

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41
Q

A substance that can accept H^+

A

Bronsted-Lowry Base

42
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Bronsted-Lowry Acid is a substance that can transfer H^+

A

TRUE

43
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Bronsted-Lowry Base is a substance that can accept H^+

A

TRUE

44
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Bronsted-Lowry Acid is a substance that can accept H^+

A

FALSE

Bronsted-Lowry Acid is incorrect. It should be Bronsted-Lowry Base.

45
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Bronsted-Lowry Base is a substance that can transfer H^+

A

FALSE

Bronsted-Lowry Base is incorrect. It should be Bronsted-Lowry Acid .

46
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Different acids dissociate to different extents in aqueous solution.

A

TRUE

47
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Different bases dissociate to different extents in aqueous solution.

A

FALSE

Different acids

48
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Acids that dissociate to a large extent are strong electrolytes and strong acids

A

TRUE

49
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Acids that dissociate to only a small extent are weak electrolytes and weak acids

A

TRUE

50
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Acids that dissociate to a large extent are weak electrolytes and strong acids

A

FALSE

Acids that dissociate to a large extent are STRONG electrolytes and strong acids

51
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Acids that dissociate to only a small extent are strong electrolytes and weak acids

A

FALSE

Acids that dissociate to only a small extent are WEAK electrolytes and weak acids

52
Q

Identify if the given is a strong electrolyte/s, weak electrolyte/s or Nonelectrolyte/s.

HCl-Hydrochloric acid,
HBr-Hydrobromic acid,
HI-Hydrogen iodide

A

Strong electrolyte/s

53
Q

Identify if the given is a strong electrolyte/s, weak electrolyte/s or Nonelectrolyte/s.

CH3CO2H-Acetic acid

A

weak electrolyte/s

54
Q

Identify if the given is a strong electrolyte/s, weak electrolyte/s or Nonelectrolyte/s.

H2O

A

Nonelectrolyte/s

55
Q

Identify if the given is a strong electrolyte/s, weak electrolyte/s or Nonelectrolyte/s.

CH3OH (methyl alcohol)

A

Nonelectrolyte/s

56
Q

Identify if the given is a strong electrolyte/s, weak electrolyte/s or Nonelectrolyte/s.

НF-Hafnium

A

weak electrolyte/s

57
Q

Identify if the given is a strong electrolyte/s, weak electrolyte/s or Nonelectrolyte/s.

HCIO-Hypochlorous acid

A

Strong electrolyte/s

58
Q

Identify if the given is a strong electrolyte/s, weak electrolyte/s or Nonelectrolyte/s.

HNO3-Nitric acid

A

Strong electrolyte/s

59
Q

Identify if the given is a strong electrolyte/s, weak electrolyte/s or Nonelectrolyte/s.

H₂SO4-sulfuric acid

A

Strong electrolyte/s

60
Q

Identify if the given is a strong electrolyte/s, weak electrolyte/s or Nonelectrolyte/s.

KBr-Potassium bromide

A

Strong electrolyte/s

61
Q

Identify if the given is a strong electrolyte/s, weak electrolyte/s or Nonelectrolyte/s.

NaCl-Sodium chloride

A

Strong electrolyte/s

62
Q

Identify if the given is a strong electrolyte/s, weak electrolyte/s or Nonelectrolyte/s.

C2H3OH (ethyl alcohol)

A

Nonelectrolyte/s

63
Q

Identify if the given is a strong electrolyte/s, weak electrolyte/s or Nonelectrolyte/s.

C12H22011 (sucrose

A

Nonelectrolyte/s

64
Q

Identify if the given is a strong electrolyte/s, weak electrolyte/s or Nonelectrolyte/s.

N2OH-Sodium hydroxide,
KOH-Potassium hydroxide

A

strong electrolyte/s

65
Q

Identify if the given is a strong electrolyte/s, weak electrolyte/s or Nonelectrolyte/s.

Most compounds of carbon (organic compounds)

A

Nonelectrolyte/s

66
Q

Identify if the given is a strong electrolyte/s, weak electrolyte/s or Nonelectrolyte/s

Other soluble ionic compounds

A

strong electrolyte/s

67
Q

Substances which dissolve in water to produce conducting solutions of ions

A

Electrolytes

68
Q

TRUE or FALSE

NaCl or KBr is an example of Electrolytes

A

TRUE

69
Q

Do not produce ions in aqueous solution

A

Nonelectrolytes

70
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Nonelectrolytes - substances such as sucrose or ethyl alcohol, which do not produce ions in aqueous solution

A

TRUE

71
Q

Different acids can have ___________________ and yield different numbers of H₂O+ ions in solution

A

different numbers of acidic hydrogens

72
Q

A monoprotic acid because it provides only one H+ ion

A

Hydrochloric acid (HCI)

73
Q 
TRUE or FALSE 
Hydrochloric acid (HCI) is a monoprotic acid because it provides more than one H+ ion
A 
FALSE
Hydrochloric acid (HCI) is a monoprotic acid because it provides ONLY one H+ ion
74
Q

A diprotic acid because it can provide two H+ ions.

A

Sulfuric acid (H₂SO4)

75
Q 
TRUE or FALSE 
Sulfuric acid (H₂SO4) is a diprotic acid because it can provide two H+ ions.
A

TRUE

76
Q

A triprotic acid and can provide three H+ ions

A

Phosphoric acid (H3PO4)

77
Q

TRUE or FALSE

With sulfuric acid,
the first dissociation of an H+ is complete—all H₂SO4 molecules lose one H+

A

TRUE

78
Q

TRUE or FALSE

With sulfuric acid,
the second dissociation of an H+ is complete—all H₂SO4 molecules lose one H+

A

FALSE

first dissociation

79
Q

TRUE or FALSE

With sulfuric acid, - the second dissociation is incomplete, as indicated by the double arrow in the following equation:

H₂SO4 (aq) + H₂O(l)  H2SO4 (aq) + H3O+ (aq)

HSO4-(aq) + H₂O(l) 〖SO〗_(4 ) 2^- (aq) + H₂O+ (aq)

A

TRUE

80
Q

H3PO4(aq) + H₂O(l) H₂PO4¯(aq) + H3O+(aq)

H₂PO4¯(aq) + H₂O(l) 〖HPO〗_(4 ) 2^- (aq) + H3O+(aq)

〖HPO〗(4 ) 2^- (aq) + H₂O(l) 〖PO〗(4 ) 3^- (aq) + H3O+ (aq)

A

Phosphoric acid

81
Q

Is HClO4, Perchloric acid, a strong acid?

A

Yes

82
Q

Is H2SO4, Sulfuric acid, a strong acid?

A

Yes

83
Q

Is HBr, Hydrobromic acid, a strong acid?

A

Yes

84
Q

Is HBr, Hydrobromic acid, a weak acid?

A

No. It’s a strong acid.

85
Q

Is H2SO4, Sulfuric acid, a strong base?

A

No. It’s a strong acid.

86
Q

Is HCl, Hydrochloric acid, a strong acid?

A

Yes.

87
Q

Is HNO3, Nitric acid, a weak base?

A

No. It’s a strong acid.

88
Q

Is KOH, Potassium hydroxide, a weak base?

A

No. It’s a strong base.

89
Q

Is NaOH, a strong acid?

A

No. It’s a strong base.

90
Q

Is Ba(OH)2, a strong base?

A

Yes

91
Q

Is Ca(OH)2, a strong base?

A

Yes

92
Q

Is NH3, Ammonia, a weak base?

A

Yes

93
Q

Is NH3, Ammonia, a strong base?

A

No. It’s a weak base.

94
Q

Is Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4) a strong acid?

A

No. It’s a weak acid.

95
Q

Is Hydrofluoric acid (HF) a weak acid?

A

Yes

96
Q

Is HNO2, Nitrous acid, a strong acid?

A

No. It’s a weak acid.

97
Q

Is CH3CO2H a strong acid?

A

No. It’s a weak acid.

98
Q

TRUE or FALSE

CH3CO2H is Acetic acid

A

TRUE

99
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Most acids are oxoacids.

A

TRUE

100
Q

They contain oxygen in addition to hydrogen and other elements

A

Oxoacids

Anachem 101 (5 decks)

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