Acids and Bases Chemical Properties

Question 1

When an acid reacts with a base we called these what type of reactions?

Answer 1

Neutralisation reactions

Question 2

Why are these called neutralisation reactions?

Answer 2

The products have a pH of 7

Question 3

When an acid is in solution, it releases what ions?

Answer 3

H+ ions

Question 4

When a base is in solution, it releases what ions?

Answer 4

OH- ions

Question 5

If a dilute alkali is added to a dilute acid with universal indicator in a beaker, describe the sequence of colour changes until no more colour changes occur.

Answer 5

Red –> Orange –> Yellow –> Green –> Blue –> Purple

Question 6

Describe the general word equation when an acid reacts with a base/alkali that ends in oxide or hydroxide.

Answer 6

Acid + Base –> Metal Salt + Water

Question 7

Describe the general word equation when an acid reacts with a base/alkali that ends in carbonate or hydrogen carbonate.

Answer 7

Acid + Base –> Metal Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide

Question 8

Describe one common observation you would make when an alkali was used to neutralise an acid with universal indicator.

Answer 8

The universal indicator would turn from red to green

Question 9

Describe what observation you could make to tell you if the base used to neutralise the acid was an oxide/hydroxide or a carbonate/hydrogen carbonate.

Answer 9

The reaction with the carbonate/hydrogen carbonate would produce fizzing/bubbling because carbon dioxide is produced.

Question 10

If a solid base was added to the acid, what other observation could you make AND why?

Answer 10

The solid was disappear because a new product called a metal salt was formed and it is soluble in water.

Question 11

How could you get a pure metal salt when an base was added to an acid?

Answer 11

Use universal indicator and stop adding the base when the indicator turns green because it is neutralised. Then heat the solution to evaporate the water and leave the pure metal salt.

Question 12

What type of metal salts does hydrochloric acid form?

Answer 12

Chloride

Question 13

What type of metal salts does sulfuric acid form?

Answer 13

Sulfate

Question 14

What type of metal salt does nitric acid form?

Answer 14

Nitrate

Question 15

How could you test if the gas produced in a neutralisation reactions was carbon dioxide and what would you expect to see?

Answer 15

Use limewater and it would turn cloudy

Question 16

What products would be formed when hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide?

Answer 16

sodium chloride + water

Question 17

What products would be formed when sulfuric acid reacts with magnesium oxide?

Answer 17

magnesium sulfate + water

Question 18

What products would be formed when nitric acid reacts with zinc carbonate?

Answer 18

zinc nitrate + water + carbon dioxide

Question 19

What products would be formed when hydrochloric acid reacts with aluminium hydrogen carbonate?

Answer 19

aluminium chloride + water + carbon dioxide

Question 20

Why does hydrochloric acid form chloride salts?

Answer 20

When it HCl reacts, the compound dissociates (splits apart) into H+ ions and Cl- ions. The H+ ions help form the water the the Cl- ion joins up with the metal ion from the base to form a metal chloride salt.

Question 21

Why does nitric acid form nitrate salts?

Answer 21

When it HNO3 reacts, the compound dissociates (splits apart) into H+ ions and NO3- ions. The H+ ions help form the water the the NO3- ion joins up with the metal ion from the base to form a metal nitrate salt.

Question 22

What pH do metal salts have?

Answer 22

7 - all products are neutral

Question 23

If a person wanted to make copper sulfate, what acid would they use as a reactant?

Answer 23

Sulfuric

Question 24

If a person wanted to make copper sulfate, name all the bases that they could use as a reactant?

Answer 24

Copper oxide, copper hydroxide, copper carbonate, copper hydrogen carbonate

Question 25

Write a balanced chemical equation of the reaction between hydrochloric acid and magnesium oxide.

Answer 25

2HCl + MgO –> MgCl2 + H2O