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Chemistry Module 2- Foundations In Chemistry > Acids And Bases > Flashcards

Acids And Bases Flashcards

1
Q

What is an acid

A

A proton donor in an aqueous solution (H+)

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2
Q

What is a strong acid

A

An acid that fully dissociates in water

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3
Q

What are the examples of strong acids

A

Hydrochloric acid Sulfuric acid

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4
Q

What is a weak acid

A

An acid that partially dissociates in water

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5
Q

What is an example of a weak acid

A

Ethanoic acid

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6
Q

What is a base

A

They are proton accepters and neutralise acids to form salts.

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7
Q

What are examples of bases

A

Metal oxides, Metal hydroxides, metal carbonates and ammonia

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8
Q

What is an every day example of a base

A

For acid indigestion, MgO is in milk of magnesia. It acts as an antacid reacting with excess hydrochloric acid in the stomach
Ca(OH)2 is used to treat acidic soils

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9
Q

What is an alkali

A

A base that dissolves in water to produce hydroxide ions

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10
Q

What is an example of an alkali

A

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
Potassium hydroxide (KOH)
Ammonia (NH3)- weak base

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11
Q

What is a neutralisation reaction

A

A type of reaction when an acid reacts
with a base. The protons from acids and the hydroxide ions from bases react in a solution
H+ + OH- –> H2O the ionic equation for neutralisation

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12
Q

what does an acid and base form

A

Acid+Base –> Salt+water
HCl+KOH–> KCl+H2O

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13
Q

What does an acid and a carbonate form

A

Acid+Carbonate–> Salt+water+carbon dioxide
2HCl+MgCO3–> MgCl2+H2O+CO2

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14
Q

What is the ionic equation for the neutralisation of an acid and carbonate

A

2H+ + CO3–> H20 +CO2

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15
Q

What does an acid and ammonia form

A

Acid+Ammonia –> Ammonium salt
HCl+NH3 –> NH4Cl

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16
Q

What is the ionic equation for neutralisation of an acid an ammonia

A

NH3+H+ –> NH4+

17
Q

What does an acid and a metal form

A

Acid+Metal–> Salt+ Hydrogen
HCl + Zn –> ZnCl+ H2

18
Q

Why is the reaction between an acid and a metal not a neutralisation reaction

A

Because their is no base involved

19
Q

What can salts either be

A

Hydrated or Anhydrous

20
Q

What does Hydrated mean

A

A compound that contains water molecules
CuSO4 . 5H2O

21
Q

What does Anhydrous mean

A

A substance containing no water molecules

22
Q

For example if it contained .5H20 what does this mean

A

Water molecules that form an essential part of the crystalline structure. This would have 5 waters of crystallisation.

23
Q

For example what would the empirical formula and the dot formula be for magnesium chloride

A

Emp formula- MgCl2 H10O5
Dot formula- MgCl2 . 5H2O

Chemistry Module 2- Foundations In Chemistry (8 decks)

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