Acids And Bases Flashcards
Define acid
Proton donor
React with bases to form water
Hydrogen ions (H+) responsible for the properties of acids
What are the properties of acids?
Corrosive
Taste sour
PH below 7
Soluble in water
Define ionisation
Process in which when an acid reacts with water, it releases a hydrogen ion which joins the water to form an oxonium ion (H3O+)
Define indicator
Organic dye which changes colour when the concentration of H+ ions in a solution changes. This colour change is irreversible.
What is the formula for when acids react with metals?
Acid + Metal -> Salt + Hydrogen gas
What is the formula for when acids react with bases?
Acid + Base -> Salt + Water
What is the formula for when acids react with carbonates?
Acid + Metal Carbonate -> Salt + Carbon Dioxide + Water
What is the formula for when acids react with ammonia?
Acid + Ammonia -> Ammonium Salt
Define strong acid
An acid that completely ionises or dissociates in water
Define weak acid
An acid that partially ionises or dissociates in water
Define concentration
Indicates the quantity of solute dissolved in a litre of aqueous solution
Define concentrated acid
A large quantity of acid in a relatively small volume of water
Define dilute acid
A small quantity of acid in a relatively large volume of water
Define PH scale
Measures acidity
Ranges from 0 - 14
Lower = more acidic
Higher = more basic
PH = 7 = Neutral
Define base
Proton acceptor
React with H+ ions of acids to form water
Any compound that can neutralise an acid
Can be soluble or insoluble in water
Define alkali
Soluble base which has an excess of OH ions
What are the properties of bases?
Soapy feeling
Turn red litmus paper blue
Neutralise acids
Define strong alkali
Dissociate completely
Define weak alkali
Dissociate partially
Define the Brønsted-Lowry Theory
Defines acids and bases in terms of proton transfer between chemical compounds
Define amphoteric
Substance that can act as an acid or a base
