Acids and Bases Flashcards
What colour do acids turn blue litmus paper to?
Red
Name some common household acids
Lactic acid, Citric acid, ethanoic acid, stearic acid, acetylsalicylic
Name some common laboratory acids
Hydrochloric acid, Nitric acid, sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid
What was Arrhenius’ definition of an acid/Theory
An acid is a substance that dissociates in water to form H+ ions.
What is a monobasic acid, and give an example
Acids that donate one H⁺ ion, eg HCL and HNO3
HNO3 ⟶ H⁺ + NO3
What is a dibasic acid, and name an example
A dibasic acid donates two H⁺ ions, e.g H₂SO₄
H₂SO₄⟶ 2H⁺ + SO₄²
What is a tribasic acid, and give an example
A tribasic acid donate three H⁺ ions, e.g H₃PO₄
H₃PO₄ ⟶ 3H⁺ + PO₄³
Define a strong acid, using Arrhenius theory
It is one that fully dissociates in water, e.g HCL, H₂SO₄, HNO₃
HCL + H₂O ⟶ H₃O⁺ + Cl⁻
Define a weak acid, using Arrhenius Theory
A weak acid is one that only slightly dissociates in water to form hydrogen ions
CH₃COOH + H₂O ↛ H₃O⁺ + CH₃COO⁻
What colour do bases turn red litmus paper
Blue
General info
Bases have soapy feel
They are used as degreasers in household detergents
Act by converting the oil into soap, which washes away more easily
Name some common household bases
Magnesium hydroxide, Ammonia, Sodium hydroxide, Sodium hydrogen carbonate, calcium hydroxide
Name some common laboratory bases
Sodium hydroxide- NaOH
Calcium hydroxide- Ca(OH)₂
Ammonia- NH₃
Sodium carbonate- Na₂CO₃
What is Arrhenius Theory of bases
It is defined as a substance that dissociates in water to produce OH⁻ ions, e.g NaOH
NaOH ⟶ Na⁺ + OH⁻
What is a strong base in relation to Arrhenius’ Theory
It is a base that fully dissociates in water, e.g NaOH
What is a weak base in relation to Arrhenius’ Theory
It is a base that does not fully dissociate in water, e.g Mg(OH)₂
What are the Limitations of Arrhenius’ Theory
- The acids must be in aqueous solutions(water)
- Not all acid-base reactions are in a solution, e.g ammonia gas and hydrogen chloride gas produce ammonium chloride.
- According to Arrhenius, the salt produced should not be acidic or basic( not always case)
- Not all bases contain OH example NH₃
What is an acid definition in relation to the Bronsted-Lowry Theory
An acid is a substance that donates protons(hydrogen ions)
What is a base definition, in relation to the Bronsted-Lowry Theory
A base is a substance that accepts protons
Read up on how it donate and accepts
What is Amphoteric
Any substance able to act as both an acid and a base
What is Neutralisation
Neutralisation is the reaction between an acid and a base to form salt and water
Everyday Neutralisation
Indigestion remedies are bases that neutralise excess stomach acid.
Toothpaste is a base that neutralises acid in the mouth
Lime is a base that neutralises acid in soil
Wasp stings are basic
Nettle, bee and ant stings are acidic
What is a conjugate base
It is an acid after it donates a proton
