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Chemistry > Acids and bases > Flashcards

Acids and bases Flashcards

1
Q

Bronsted-Lowry Acid

A

proton/H+ donor

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2
Q

Base -

A

proton/ H+ acceptor

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3
Q

Conjugate acid of water

A

H3O+

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4
Q

Conjugate base of water

A

OH-

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5
Q

amphiprotic species ….

A

can be a proton donor or a proton acceptor

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6
Q

A pair of species differing by a single proton is called

A

a conjugate acid-base pair

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7
Q

amphoteric species …

A

can act as any kind of acid or base (includes amphiprotic)

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8
Q

Amphoteric oxide

A

Aluminium oxide (Al2O3)

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9
Q

conjugate base definition

A

species that is formed when an acid donates a proton

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10
Q

Acid + metal =

A

salt + hydrogen

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11
Q

Acid + metal hydroxide

A

= salt + water

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12
Q

Acid + metal carbonate =

A

salt + carbon dioxide + water

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13
Q

Acid + metal oxide =

A

salt +water

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14
Q

Acid + hydrogen carbonate

A

= salt + water + carbon dioxide

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15
Q

Bases without OH-:

A

NH3
Na2CO3
NaHCO3

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16
Q

why is the pH scale useful?

A

because it reduces a wide range of numbers to a small range

17
Q

[H+] (the concentration of hydrogen ions)

A

= 10^-pH

18
Q

Equilibrium constant of water (Kw)

A

= [H+][OH−] = 10^-14

19
Q

Strong acids ___ ionize

A

fully

20
Q

Weak acids ____ ionize

A

partially

21
Q

Which has higher conductivity, strong or weak acids?

A

strong

22
Q

Which reacts faster, strong or weak acids?

A

strong

23
Q

A strong acid has a ____ conjugate base

A

weak

24
Q

A strong base has a ____ conjugate acid

A

weak

25
Q

natural sources of sulfur oxides

A

forest fires, volcanoes

26
Q

natural sources of nitrogen oxides

A

lightning, bacteria

27
Q

man-made sources of sulfur oxides

A

power stations, sulfide smelters

28
Q

man-made sources of nitrogen oxides

A

power stations, cars, planes

29
Q

why is rain naturally acidic?

A

Mostly due to carbonic acid

30
Q

carbonic acid equation

A

CO2 (g) + H2O(l) → H2CO3(aq)

31
Q

Process by which sulfurous acid is produced in the atmosphere

A

S(s) + O2(g) → SO2(g)

SO2(g) + H2O(l) → H2SO3(aq)

32
Q

Process by which sulfuric acid is produced in the atmosphere

A

S(s) + O2(g) → SO2(g)
SO2(g) + ½O2(g) → SO3(g)
SO3(g) + H2O(l) → H2SO4(aq)

33
Q

Process by which nitric acid is produced in the atmosphere

A

4NO2(g) + 2H2O(l) + O2 → 4HNO3

34
Q

Process by which nitric acid and nitrous acid are produced in the atmosphere

A

2NO2(g) + H2O(l) → HNO3(aq) nitric acid + HNO2(aq) nitrous acid

35
Q

A Lewis acid is

A

an electron pair acceptor

36
Q

A Lewis base is

A

an electron pair donor

37
Q

What distinguishes a strong base from a weak base?

A

Strong bases fully ionise, weak bases partially ionise

38
Q

Effects of carbonic acid on the natural world:

A

Corrodes limestone buildings, acidifies lakes

Chemistry (11 decks)

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