acids and bases Flashcards
what are the properties of acids
soluble in water
tastes sour
turns litmus paper red
neutralize bases making salt and water
what are properties of bases
feel soapy
turns litmus paper blue
neutralize acids making salt and water
what does arrhenius theory state ?
an acid is a substance that dissolves in water to give H+ ions
a base is a substance that dissolves in water give OH- ions
what does the bronsted theory state
acids are protons donors and bases are proton acceptors
how is a conjugate base formed?
when an acid donates a proton
how is a conjugate acid formed?
when an base accepts a proton
what does it mean to be amphiprotic?
An amphiprotic molecule (or ion) can either donate or accept a proton, thus acting either as an acid or a base.
where do bases come from?
metals burn in oxygen to make basic oxides
what are ampholytes
they act as acids or bases
what are indicators
they are dyes that change color according to the hydrogen ion concentration of the solution to which they are added.
explain the end-point
if an acid is slowly added to an alkali, the mixture will reach a point where the number of moles of acid is sufficient to neutralize the number of moles of base.
give examples of everyday Acids
=hydrochloric acid in the stomach is responsible for digestion
=hydrochloric acid is also used to maintain the ph. of swimming pools.
= sulphuric acid is the acid in car batteries and is used extensively in the mining industry; cleaning, metals; making explosives and fertilizer; plastics, and detergents
give examples of everyday Bases
=sodium hydroxide(caustic soda) is used in the manufacturing of soaps and in paper making.
=oven and drain cleaner
=Calcium oxide (quicklime) and slacked lime(Ca)(OH)2) are important in making cement and in agriculture for treating soils.
=magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide are used antacids for treating heartburn.
give examples of everyday Salts
=food
=manfature chlorine and sodium hydroxide
= sodium carbonate(washing soda) is used to soften water and make glass.
=calcium carbonate(limestone) extracting metals and in making quicklime for cement manufacture
=make pills
=toothpaste and as an antacid
=copper sulfate used to kill algae in swimming pools and also as a fungicide in the garden
=magnesium carbonate is used as an antacid.
