Acids And Alkalis Flashcards
What are the three key acids you need to know?
Hydrochloric acid = HCl
Sulfuric acid = H2SO4
Nitric acid = HNO3
Acid + metal —> ??
Salt + hydrogen
Acid + alkali —> ???
Salt + water
Acid + metal carbonate —> ????
Salt + water + carbon dioxide
Acid + metal oxide —> ???
Salt + water
Acids have a pH less than _____
7
Bases have pH more than _____
7
Give some examples of bases
Alkali, metal oxide, metal carbonate
What are alkalis?
Bases that are water soluble
Give some examples of alkalis:
Lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide.
When is it more suitable to use a paper indicator rather than a liquid indicator?
To test for gases.
What colour would litmus paper in an acidic reaction?
Red
What colour would litmus paper turn in blue?
What colour does methyl orange turn in acidic solutions?
Red
What colour does methyl orange turn in alkali solutions
Yellow
What colour does phenolphthalein turn in acidic solutions?
Colourless
What colour does phenolphthalein turn in alkali solutions?
Bright pink
How would you use universal indicator to determine the approximate pH value of something?
It shows a range of colours between different strengths of acids and alkalis.
True of false: alkalise can neutralise acids.
True
What are the solubility rules?
- common sodium, potassium, and ammonium compounds are soluble
- all nitrates are soluble
- common chlorides are soluble except, sliver and lead (II)
- common sulfate are soluble except: barium, calcium, and lead (II)
- common carbonates are insoluble, except: sodium, potassium, and ammonium compounds
- common hydroxides are insoluble except: sodium, potassium, calcium.
What is neutralisation?
Reaction between acid and bases water is formed.
What is an acid?
An acid in an aqueous solution is a source of hydrogen ions (H+). An acid is a proton donor.
What is an alkali?
An alkali in an aqueous solution is a source of hydroxide ions (OH-).
What is a base?
A base is a proton acceptor, soluble bases are alkalis which are sources of OH-.
Describe the reaction between hydrochloric acid and magnesium.
Effervescence, metal disappears.
Describe the reaction between hydrochloric acid and black copper oxide (metal oxide).
Green solution formed, copper oxide disappears.
Describe the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide (metal hydroxide).
Colourless solution formed, test tube feels warm, exothermic reaction.
Describe the reaction between hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate (metal carbonate).
Effervescence, metal disappears.
What are the charges for zinc, silver, lead?
Lead (ll) = 2+
Silver = +
Zinc = 2+
What can act as a base in a chemical reaction?
Metal oxides, metal hydroxides, and ammonia can act as bases.
How does an oxide compound form?
Elements react with oxygen in the air to form oxides. They react more vigorously with pure oxygen.
What observations from a substance being burnt in oxygen tells us info about its pH?
After being tested with universal indicator to determine the pH, non metals lean more acidic, and metals lean more alkali.
How do you determine a substances solubility?
Amount (g) of substance which can dissolve in 100 (ml) of water at a given temperature.
What is a solute?
Substance which dissolved in a solvent to form a solution.
