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Science Test After Christmas > Acids And Alkalis > Flashcards

Acids And Alkalis Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 ways can the ph of a solution be measured

A

Chemical indicator(universal indicator)

Ph probe

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2
Q

What makes an acid an acid

A

Release hydrogen ions in water
H+

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3
Q

Why is an alklai an alkali

A

Form hydroxide ions in water

OH-

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4
Q

What will happen when an acid reacts with a base

A

Neutralisation reaction

Salt+ water

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5
Q

Name the most common acids u will see and their formula

A

Hydrochloric acid. HCl
Sulfuric acid. H²SO⁴
Nitric acid. HNO³

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6
Q

Name the most common bases and their formula

A

Sodium hydoxide NaOH
Calcium carbonate CaCO³

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7
Q

What will happen when hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide

A

Neutralisation occurs. Water is produced and a salt ( sodium chloride).

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8
Q

Give the neutralisation reaction in terms of hydrogen ions and hyrdroxide ions

A

H+ + OH- -> H²O

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9
Q

Why are strong acids strong and weak acids weak

A

Strong acids ionise fully but weak acids only partially ionise

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10
Q

Which of these are strong acids

Ethanoic acid
Sulfuric acid
Hydrochloric acid
Citric acid
Nitric acid

A

Sulfuric acid
Hyrochloric acid
Nitric acid

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11
Q

True or false: weak acids are reversible

A

True

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12
Q

Carbonic acid is desrcibed as a weak acid why is this

A

Because it does not fully ionise to release hyrdrogen ions

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13
Q

Every time the ph goes down one what happenes to the concentration

A

Increased by 10x

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14
Q

As the concentration of hyrdrogen ions in a solution increases what happenes to the ph

A

It decreases

Low ph means higher concentration of hydrogen ions

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15
Q

Whats the difference between a strong acid and a concentrated acid

A

Concentrated = lots of hyrdrogen ions in that solution

Strong = one that can ionize fully

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16
Q

What products are formed when and acid reacts with a metal oxide

A

A salt
Water

Acid+metal oxide -> salt+water

17
Q

What type of reaction is it when an acid and a base react together

A

Neutralisation reaction

18
Q

During a neutralisation reaction what reacta with what

A

Positive hydrogen ions from the acid react with the negative hydroxide ions from the alkali to form molecules of water

19
Q

What products are formed when an acid reacts with metal hydroxide

A

A salt
Water

Acid + metal hydroxide -> salt +water

20
Q

To work out a formula of a salt

A

Combine the negative ion from the acid and the postive ion from the base

E.g. sodium oxide and hydrochloricacid = sidium chloride

Na²O + HCl -> NaCl

21
Q

What is the balanced equation for sulphuric acid and sodium oxide

A

H²SO⁴ + Na²O -> Na²SO⁴ + H²O

22
Q

What products are formed when hydrochloric acid reacts with potassium hydroxide

A

Water + potassium chloride

23
Q

Acid + metal carbonate ->

A

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

24
Q

How to obtain soluble salt from an acid-base reaction (experiment)

A

Part 1 obtain a solution of the soluble salt that we want

  1. Place dilute acid in a beaker and heat gently
  2. Add the solid base bit by bit until it stops reacting, in excess
    3.isolate the salt solution by filtering out the excess soljd base using filter paper and funnel

Part 2 isolate the soluble salt crystals from the solution

  1. Heat the solution gently in a water bath until crystals start to form
    2.let the solution cool further which will cause more crystals to precipitate
    3.filter out the soluble salt crystals using filter paper and funnel
25
Q

When a soluble salt formed from an acid and an insoluble base how do you know excess is added

A

Some of the reactant will be left unreacted

26
Q

Name the polyatomic ions, their formaulas and charges

A

Sulfate: SO⁴ -2
Nitrate NO³ -
Carbonate CO³ - 2
Hydroxide OH-
Ammonium NH4 +

27
Q

Table of soluble and insoluble substances

A

Common salts of sodium potassium and ammonium= soluble

All nitrates= soluble

Common chlorides = soluble (excpet sliver and lead chloride)

Common sulfates= soluble (except lead , barium and calcium sulfate)

Common carbonates and hyroxides = insoluble (excapt sodium potassium and ammonium ones)

Hint: whenever it has potassium sodium and ammonium its soluble and anything that has nitrate at the end is soluble

28
Q

Balance the equation
Ba(NO³)² + k² CO³ -> BaCO³+ 2KNO³

A

Ba2+ 2NO³- + 2K+ + CO³-2 -> BaCO3 + 2k+ + NO3-

Ba+2 +CO³-2 -> BaCO³

29
Q

magnesium carbonate reacts with dilute nitric acid

what products are formed

A

magnesium nitrate + water + carbon dioxide

30
Q

barium chloride is an ionic compound and has a high melting point

explain why barium chloride has a high melting point

A

strong electrostatic forces of attraction
lots of energy to overcome the bonds

31
Q

when sulfate ions are present insoluble barium sulfate is formed

describe the appearance of barium sulfate

A

white precipitate

32
Q

What colour are litmus paper, phenolphthalein and methyl orange in acids and alkalis.

A

Litmus: red in acids purple, in neutral, blue in alkalin
Methyl orange: red in acids, yellow in neutral, yellow in alkaline
Pheno: colourless in acids or neutrals, pink in alkaline

Science Test After Christmas (6 decks)

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