acids and alkalis Flashcards
what is the formula for hydrochloric acid
HCl (aq)
what do we write next to an acids formula in chemistry and what does this mean
(aq) aqueous solution
dissolved in water
what are the 3 main acids we use in chemistry
what are the chemical formulas for them
Hydro chloric acid = HCl(aq)
Sulphuric acid = H2SO4(aq)
Nitric acid = HNO3(aq)
what do acids produce in aqueous solutions?
hydrogen ions (H+)
show the reaction of hydrochloric acid in an aqueous solution
explain what is happening
HCl(aq) —> H+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
the molecule has split and released the hydrogen ion (H+)
We make the chloride ion Cl-
what happens to molecules in acids when in an aqueous solution?
molecules split to form H+(aq) and acid-(aq)
write the reaction of sulphuric acid in an aq
H2SO4
produces positive hydrogen ion and negative sulphate ion
H2SO4(aq)—> 2H+(aq) + SO4^2-(aq)
show nitric acid in an aqueous solution
HNO3(aq)
HNO3(aq)—> H+(aq) + NO3-(aq)
we produce a positive hydrogen ion and a negative nitrate ion
what do bases do
what are bases
chemicals that neutralise acids producing a salt and water
usually they are metal oxides or metal hydroxides
what are alkalis
bases that are soluble in water
what are bases which are soluble in water called
alkalis
iron (III) hydroxide is insoluble one water
is this a base or an alkali
a base
sodium hydroxide is soluble in water, does this make sodium hydroxide a base or an alkali?
both a base and an alkali
it neutralises acids producing a salt (sodium) and a water (hydrogen + oxygen)
and is also soluble in water
what do alkalis produce in aqueous solutions?
hydroxide ions (OH-)
show the base/alkali sodium hydroxide in an aqueous solution
NaOH(aq)—> Na+(aq) + OH-(aq)
the sodium hydroxide is splitting and produces the positive sodium ion (Na+) and the negative hydroxide ion
OH- (aq)
aqueous solutions of ______ produce the hydroxide ion OH-
alkalis
what can a pH be useful for
to tell us the acidity or alkalinity of a solution
acids pH (0-6)
neutral (7)
alkaline (8-14)
what does a pH probe do
determines the pH electronically
name 1 way we can determine whether a solution is acid alkali or neutral
using a universal indicator
red - very acidic yellow - acidic green - neutral blue - alkaline purple - very alkaline
describe and show the neutralisation reaction of an acid and an alkaline
from acid. from the alkali
H+(aq) + OH-(aq) —> H2O(l)
hydrogen hydroxide water
ion ion
alkalis produce the hydroxide ion OH-
when we react an acid with an alkali, the hydrogen ions react with the hydroxide ions to produce water
what is the equation for neutralisation.
NEED TO LEARN
H+(aq) + OH-(aq) —> H2O(l)
hydrogen. hydroxide water
ion ion
what do all acids contain
hydrogen
