Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Adult Patho Exam 1- McNanceCell, Genes, Immunity > Acidosis/Alkalosis and Acid Base Balance > Flashcards

Acidosis/Alkalosis and Acid Base Balance Flashcards

1
Q

What is normal PH?

A

7.35-7.45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the four acid bases imbalances?

A

Respiratory acidosis and alkalosis

Metabolic Acidosis and alkolosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is respiratory acidosis?

A

Decreased PH; Increased CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the cause for respiratory acidosis?

A

Elevation of PCO2 due to respiratory depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does the body try to compensate for respiratory acidosis?

A

Decreased ventilation, leads to rise in PCO2, leads to decreased PH, body tries to compensate by initiating renal compensation. HCO3 rises helps increase the excretion of H in the urine and PH rises.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Respiratory Alkalosis?

A

Increased PH; Decreased Co2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What causes Respiratory Alkalosis?

A

Increased ventilation (hyperventilation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does the body try to compensate for respiratory alkalosis?

A

Increased ventilation causes decrease in PCO2, Serum PH rises, body tries to compensate by initiating the renal system. Decreases the excretion of H in the urine and PH decreases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is metabolic Acidosis?

A

Decreased PH; Decreased HCO3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What causes metabolic Acidosis?

A

Depression of HCO3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does the body try to compensate for metabolic acidosis?

A

Occurs from loss of base or addition of acid; Serum PH decreases; respiratory compensation and Renal compensation occur. Respiratory compensates by increasing respiratory rate; Renal compensates by increasing acid titration. Both mechanisms increase PH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is metabolic Alkalosis?

A

High PH; High Hco3

Accumulation of base; raises the bicarbonate concentration; increases the pH aka: primary bicarbonate excess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does the respiratory compensation mechanism work?

A

Rapid response. Increases of decreases ventilation rate to alter CO2 retention.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does the renal compensation mechanism work?

A

Slower response; alters HCO3 and H levels by exretion or reasbsorption.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the difference between correction and compensation?

A

Adjustments are made to HCO3 and Carbonic Acid to maintain a 20:1 ratio to maintain normal PH.

Correction is when your acid base balance returns to normal.

Compensation is when the body alters the response to try to normalize the acid base balance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the Anion Gap used for?

A

Used cautiously to distinguish between different types of metabolic acidosis.

The concentration of anions and cations should equal.
Na+K= Cl+ HCO3= ~ 10-12

17
Q

What can cause a large anion gap?

A

Ketoacidosis; salicylate poisoining

18
Q

What is a buffer?

A

A chemical that binds excessive H or OH- without a significant change in PH.

19
Q

What buffer system does our body use for acid base balance?

A

Bicarbonate-carbonic acid system and hemoglobin

20
Q

What are the most important intracellular buffers?

A

Phos and protien; ammonia and pho

21
Q

Where does the Carbonic Bicarbonate buffer system operate?

A

In the lung and kidney

22
Q

What happens when the partial pressure of carbon dioxide rises?

A

More Carbonic acid is formed.

23
Q

If bicarb decreases what happens?

A

The ph decreases

24
Q

What are other buffering systems our body uses?

A

Protien buffering
Mercury blood buffer
Renal buffering (Ammonia + H) excretes in urine
Cellular ion exchange (K+ for H)

25
Q

What problems can cause metabolic acidosis?

A

Renal failure; DKA; diarrhea

26
Q

What problems can cause metabolic alkalosis?

A

Prolonged vomiting; gastric suctioning; excessive bicarb intake; hyperaldosteronism w/ hypoK; and diuretics

27
Q

What problems can cause respiratory acidosis?

A

Depression of respiratory drive; brain stem trauma; over sedation; paralysis of resp muscles; disorders of chest wall

28
Q

What problems can cause Respiratory Alkalosis?

A

Fever; anemia; thrytoxicosis; early salicylate intoxication; anxiety; panic, improper use of ventilation

29
Q

What are normal PCO2 levels?

A

35-45

30
Q

What are normal HCO3 levels?

A

22-28

Adult Patho Exam 1- McNanceCell, Genes, Immunity (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions