Acid-n Reactions + Tests for Ions Flashcards
what do acid base reactions form
either a metal hydroxide, oxide or ammonia
in acid-base, if the base is insoluble what method is used
a titration where a soluble bases is added to the acid until it is neutralised
what do acid-carbonate reactions form
a salt, water and carbon dioxide
what is formed by acid-metal reactions
most metals form a salt and hydrogen
this is not suitable for metals above hydrogen in the reactivity series or non metal containing bases
what happens in crystallisation
an impure solid is dissolved in a solvent so the solution is heated in a water bath or over a bunsen burner. the solvent evaporates leaving behind the solute to form crystals once left to cool.
what are the two tests for cations
flame and sodium hydroxide tests
describe the colours of the flame tests
Na+ - Yellow
K+ - Lilac
Ca - Orange/Red
Cu - Blue/Green
describe the results of sodium hydroxide testing
Fe (ii) ions form a green precipitate and Fe (iii) ions form a brown precipitate.
Ammonium ions produce ammonia gas detected by either the pungent smell or by turning damp red litmus paper blue.
wheat are the 3 tests for anions
carbonate ions and limewater, halide ions with silver nitrate and sulphate ions with barium chloride
describe the test for carbonate ions
they produce carbon dioxide which effervescent so can be tested by turning limewater cloudy
describe the test for halides ions
silver chloride forms a white precipitate, bromide cream and iodide yellow.
describe the test for sulphate ions with barium chloride
in the presence of dilute hcl, a white precipitate of barium sulphate forms
describe the 4 tests for gases
hydrogen - squeaky pop test
oxygen - relights a glowing splint
carbon dioxide - limewater cloudy
chlorine - bleaches damp litmus paper white
