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Specialist Chemistry > Acid Mine Drainage ACD > Flashcards

Acid Mine Drainage ACD Flashcards

1
Q

Issues

A

acidic - ochreous - pollution, run-off - abandone mining spoil tips, 9% surface, impacts - classified and unclassified H2O

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2
Q

COAL

A

high C % complex structure, % small H, O, N. significant - S, P, trace metals. Partial decay - vegetation , anaerobic

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3
Q

Anaerobic decay

A

low Eh and pH, CH2O decay => low Eh, organic acids form -> low pH

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4
Q

Cellulose, lignin

A

Coal complexes

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5
Q

Fe (3)

A

Reduced to Fe(2)

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6
Q

Sulphate SO4 2-

A

reduced to S2-

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7
Q

10% pyrite forms of coal seam

A

FeS.nH2O -> FeS2 (pyrite)

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8
Q

Mining techniques: Drift mining 17th & 18th century

A

Outcrops mined inwards, coal seam, spoil tip dug out - wastes fall to bottom of hill

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9
Q

Mining techniques: Longwall (Deep) mining 19th & 20th century

A

Pit dugs deeper than H2O table. Water pumped away

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10
Q

Mining Modern Techniques: Opencast mining

A

Use of machines

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11
Q

Coal Mining UK, AMD area Affected

A

central scotland, durham, south yorkshire, south wales

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12
Q

Coal Mining UK, AMD area NOT affected

A

midlands, tyneside, lancs/merseyside

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13
Q

AMD Unpredictable - Acidity

A

variable, pyrite content, rock type, catchment

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14
Q

AMD Unpredictable - Rebound

A

variable rate, recahrge rate - physical structure, groundwater rebound

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15
Q

AMD Unpredictable - Water course

A

recieving, volumes, dilution, hydrology

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16
Q

Abandoned mines

A

Water pumping stopped, working can refill

17
Q

Leaky Buckets

A

water moves between workings, deep working can fill - no problem with AMO at surface, unexpected outflows at old mines if connection alter

18
Q

AMD Chemical Reactions 1

A

Pyrite + coal + oxygenated water - acid produced (4H+)

19
Q

AMD Chemical Reaction 2

A

Fe2+ + H2O -> Fe(OH)3 ochre + 6H+ more acid

20
Q

AMD Chemical Reaction 3

A

FeS2 + Fe3+ -> 16H more, This enchances (2) : autocatalytic

21
Q

Pyrite+ oxygenated water -> ochre + acid

A

oxidation rate a function of coal/pyrite surface area: spoil tip rapid conversion

22
Q

Bacteria

A

increase rate by 10^6

23
Q

Fe Impacts

A

100 mgdm^-3 in mine water -> EQS 1mgdm-3 visible, 5 mgdm-3 discoluration

24
Q

Precipitate Fe(OH)3 ochre

A

pH 4, affects flora (photosynthesis), fauna (invertebrate spawning), blankets river bed

25
Q

ACID

A

initial pH 1, catchment dependent - acid rock pH 1-3, basic rock 6-8, dissolves minerals CuFeS2, affects speciation (toxicity) Al

26
Q

Salinity

A

Extra TDS impacts flora & fauna - stress (cellular osmotic pressure change)

27
Q

Treatments: Physical

A

cascade oxidation, sludge settlement

28
Q

Treatments: Biological

A

bacterial oxidation, bioremediation, wet land remediation - reed beds, metal sorption

29
Q

Treatments: Chemical

A

neutralisation, metal adsorption

Specialist Chemistry (22 decks)

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