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Chemistry > Acid, bases and salts > Flashcards

Acid, bases and salts Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a pH scale

A

measures acidity and alkalinity

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2
Q

what can a base be

A

oxides or hydroxides of metals

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3
Q

what can an alkali be

A

a soluble base

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4
Q

how can pH be measured

A

pH meter: gives exact pH value
litmus, methyl orange, thymolphthalein- only tell you if acidic not how acidic
universal indicator- gives rough pH

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5
Q

what colour does litmus paper in acid

A

red

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6
Q

litmus paper in alkali

A

blue

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7
Q

methyl orange in acid

A

red

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8
Q

methyl orange in alkali

A

yellow

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9
Q

methyl orange in neutral

A

orange

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10
Q

thymolphthalein in acid

A

colourless

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11
Q

thymolphthalein in alkali

A

blue

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12
Q

thymolphthalein in neutral

A

colourless

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13
Q

which acids are strong

A

HCL
H2SO4
NHO3

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14
Q

which bases are strong

A

NaOH
KOH

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15
Q

which acids are weak

A

CH3COOH (ethanoic)
H2CO3

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16
Q

which bases are weak

A

NH3
metal carbonates

17
Q

what are oxides

A

compounds containing oxygen and another element

18
Q

what are the basic oxides

A

metal oxides and they react with acids. e.g. MgO

19
Q

what are the acidic oxides

A

non-metal oxides and react with bases. e.g CO2, SO2, P4O10

20
Q

what are the amphoteric oxides

A

Al2O3 and ZnO they react with both

21
Q

what are the neutral oxides

A

CO, N2O they do not react with either

22
Q

what is definition 1 of acids

A

acids are compounds that produce hydrogen ions, H+, when dissolved in water.
e.g. when hydrogen chloride gas (HCL) dissolves in water, it dissociates to make hydrogen ions and chloride ions

23
Q

what is definition 1 of alkalis

A

alkalis are compounds that produce hydroxide ions when they dissolve in water

24
Q

what is definition 2 of acids

A

are proton (H+) donors

25
Q

what is definition 2 of alkalis

A

proton (H+) acceptors

26
Q

how to compare weak and strong acids or alkalis using pH

A

strong acids have lower pH because there are more hydrogen ions in the solution . The higher the concentration of hydrogen ions, the lower the pH

27
Q

how to compare weak and strong acids or alkalis using conductivity

A

strong acids conduct better than weak acids because there are more ions in solution. Similarly, strong alkalis, acids show higher conductivity because there are more ions in solution and have higher pH because there are more hydroxide ions.

28
Q

which salts are soluble

A

all sodium, potassium and ammonium salts. All nitrates. Chlorides, bromides, iodides. Sulfates. Sodium, potassium and ammonium carbonates

29
Q

which salts are insoluble

A

silver and lead chloride. Calcium, barium and lead sulfate. All other carbonates are insoluble

30
Q

what is the method of producing salt+ hydrogen

A
  1. Add metal to acid
  2. metal dissolves as it reacts and effervescence is seen
  3. add metal until no more dissolves
  4. once effervescence stops and some metal is left. filter off the excess metal.
  5. evaporate some of the water from the filtrate and let to cool down and crystallise
31
Q

what is the method of producing salt+ water + carbon dioxide

A
  1. add metal carbonate to hot acid
  2. carbonate dissolves and fizzes as it reacts
  3. add carbonate until no more dissolves
  4. once effervescence stops and some carbonate is left, filter off the excess carbonate
  5. evaporate some water from the filtrate and let to cool down crystallize
32
Q

what is another method of producing salt+ water

A
  1. Add metal oxide to acid
  2. warm over bunsen burner to dissolve the base
  3. Add metal oxide until no more dissolves
  4. filter off excess metal oxide
  5. evaporate some of the water from the filtrate and let to cool down and crystallise
33
Q

what is another method of preparing salt + water

A

titration
1. put the acid in a burette
2. pipette the alkali into a conical flask and add indicator
3. titrate until indicator changes colour and record the volume added
4. repeat the experiment without the indicator using the same volume
5. evaporate some of the water and let to cool down and crystallise

34
Q

what is a way of preparing an insoluble salt + soluble salt

A
  1. Mix two soluble salts and stir
  2. precipitate forms
  3. filter the mixture- the insoluble salt is the residue
  4. rinse the precipitate with water

Chemistry (7 decks)

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