Acid & Bases

Question 1

pH normal range?

Answer 1

7.35-7.45

Question 2

CO2 normal range?

Answer 2

45-35

Question 3

HCO3 normal range?

Answer 3

22-26

Question 4

If PaCO2 is too low or too high, what happens?

Answer 4

hypoxic, or hyperventilate

Question 5

Acid

Answer 5

releases hydrogen ions

Question 6

Base

Answer 6

accept hydrogen ions

Question 7

Body regulates pH with what 3 systems?

Answer 7

Buffering system, respiratory regulation, & renal regulation

Question 8

ROME

Answer 8

Respiratory is opposite, metabolic is equal

Question 9

PaO2 vs oxygen sat

Answer 9

Oxygen sat meausres the amount of oxygen that is bound to hemoglobin, Aterial O2 represents the free floating oxygen molecules

Question 10

Type O blood

Answer 10

Universal donor because their blood has no antigens

Question 11

Type AB blood

Answer 11

Universal recipients because their blood has a & b antigens

Question 12

Who can donate blood?

Answer 12

17 years old
weigh 110 lbs
not donated in the last 8 weeks

Question 13

Reactions - Hemolytic

Answer 13

“Destruction of red blood cells
there’s incompatibilities so stop transfusioin, take down all tubing & blood, new tubing, start NS, & keep vein open rate, obtain vitals, notify doctor, send blood/tubing to lab for analysis, have emergency stuff ready

Question 14

Reactions - Allergic

Answer 14

more common
s&s - local redness, hives, itching, asthmatic wheezing
pt has sensitivity to proteins from donor’s proteins
stop transfusion, call doctor, notify charge, administer antihistamine if ordered, assess & monitor vitals

Question 15

Reaction - febrile (fever)

Answer 15

a reaction with the WBCs of donor blood
2 degree F increase from pre transfusions vitals
s&s - chills & malaise
stop transfusion, call doctor asap, call blood bank, administer antipyretics/antihistamines

Question 16

What do I need to give blood?

Answer 16

consent, cross & match order, y set tubing (only tubing you give blood with) , 500-1000 cc bag of NS, vital sign machine

Question 17

What do I Do during a blood transfusion?

Answer 17

start the infusion slow (75mL/hr). stay in room for first 15min, obtaining vitals every 5 min. reaction? if no, increase rate to 150-200mL/hr, obtain vitals every 15min

Question 18

What to remember with blood transfusions?

Answer 18

from the time it leaves blood bank, YOU HAVE 4 HOURs to that blood into the patient. Y set tubing, only use NS with it, 2 RNs sign off, any reaction - STOP

Question 19

TPN

Answer 19

usually through central line, only TPN/LIPIDS can infuse through that line.
every 6 hours or AC/HS Blood sugars

Question 20

How often to change tubing for TPN?

Answer 20

every 24 hrs

Question 21

Lipids

Answer 21

in a different bag from the TPN solution & are white

Question 22

What can go wrong with TPN?

Answer 22

infection, fluid overload, air embolism, hypoglycemia

Question 23

Supplies you need for administering TPN/Lipids

Answer 23

X2 primary line tubing, caps for open hubs, specific filter for TPN line & Lipid Line