Acid & Bases Flashcards
pH normal range?
7.35-7.45
CO2 normal range?
45-35
HCO3 normal range?
22-26
If PaCO2 is too low or too high, what happens?
hypoxic, or hyperventilate
Acid
releases hydrogen ions
Base
accept hydrogen ions
Body regulates pH with what 3 systems?
Buffering system, respiratory regulation, & renal regulation
ROME
Respiratory is opposite, metabolic is equal
PaO2 vs oxygen sat
Oxygen sat meausres the amount of oxygen that is bound to hemoglobin, Aterial O2 represents the free floating oxygen molecules
Type O blood
Universal donor because their blood has no antigens
Type AB blood
Universal recipients because their blood has a & b antigens
Who can donate blood?
17 years old
weigh 110 lbs
not donated in the last 8 weeks
Reactions - Hemolytic
“Destruction of red blood cells
there’s incompatibilities so stop transfusioin, take down all tubing & blood, new tubing, start NS, & keep vein open rate, obtain vitals, notify doctor, send blood/tubing to lab for analysis, have emergency stuff ready
Reactions - Allergic
more common
s&s - local redness, hives, itching, asthmatic wheezing
pt has sensitivity to proteins from donor’s proteins
stop transfusion, call doctor, notify charge, administer antihistamine if ordered, assess & monitor vitals
Reaction - febrile (fever)
a reaction with the WBCs of donor blood
2 degree F increase from pre transfusions vitals
s&s - chills & malaise
stop transfusion, call doctor asap, call blood bank, administer antipyretics/antihistamines
What do I need to give blood?
consent, cross & match order, y set tubing (only tubing you give blood with) , 500-1000 cc bag of NS, vital sign machine
What do I Do during a blood transfusion?
start the infusion slow (75mL/hr). stay in room for first 15min, obtaining vitals every 5 min. reaction? if no, increase rate to 150-200mL/hr, obtain vitals every 15min
What to remember with blood transfusions?
from the time it leaves blood bank, YOU HAVE 4 HOURs to that blood into the patient. Y set tubing, only use NS with it, 2 RNs sign off, any reaction - STOP
TPN
usually through central line, only TPN/LIPIDS can infuse through that line.
every 6 hours or AC/HS Blood sugars
How often to change tubing for TPN?
every 24 hrs
Lipids
in a different bag from the TPN solution & are white
What can go wrong with TPN?
infection, fluid overload, air embolism, hypoglycemia
Supplies you need for administering TPN/Lipids
X2 primary line tubing, caps for open hubs, specific filter for TPN line & Lipid Line
