Acid-base imbalances Flashcards
1
Q
Acid
A
Carbon dioxide
Carbonic acid
2
Q
Base
A
Bicarbonate
Biphosphate
3
Q
Carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system
A
Lungs and kidneys use acids and bases to regulate H+ concentration
4
Q
Electrolyte exchange
A
Last resort
K+ exchanged for H+
5
Q
Normal pH
A
7.35-7.45
6
Q
Respiratory acidosis
A
Retention of CO2
Hypoventilation
Kidneys try to compensate by reabsorbing HCO3- and excreting H+
7
Q
Respiratory alkalosis
A
Decreased CO2
Hyperventilation
Kidneys attempt to compensate by reabsorbing H+ and excreting HCO3-
8
Q
Metabolic acidosis
A
Decrease in plasma HCO3
Hyperkalemia - H+ goes in cells, K+ gets kicked out
Kussmaul respirations - short and deep
9
Q
Metabolic alkalosis
A
Increase in HCO3-
Kidneys reabsorb H+ and excrete HCO3-
Lungs breath slowly to retain CO3 which can cause hypoxemia
