Acid-Base Equilibria

Question 1

ACIDS: substances that yield hydrogen ions in an aqueous
solution

BASES: yield hydroxyl ions in an aqueous solution

Answer 1

Arrhenius Theory (1923)

Question 2

Limitations of Arrhenius Theory

Answer 2

1. The acids and bases must be in aqueous solution.
2. Not all acid-base reactions are in solution.
3. The salt produced should not be acidic or basic.
4. Limited to water as solvent.

Question 3

ACID: substance, charged or uncharged, that is capable of donating a proton, proton donator

BASE: substance, charged or uncharged, that is capable of
accepting protons from an acid, proton acceptor

Answer 3

Bronsted-Lowry Concept

Question 4

• Tendency to accept or give up protons can determine the
  strength of an acid/base
• Strength also varies with the solvent

Answer 4

Bronsted-Lowry Concept

Question 5

• ACID: is a molecule that accepts an electron pair to form a covalent bond
• BASE: provides the pair of unshared electrons by which the base
  coordinates with the acid

Answer 5

Lewis Electronic Theory

Question 6

Example of Lewis Acid

Answer 6

Ex: boron trifluoride, aluminum chloride

Question 7

Example of Lewis Base

Answer 7

Ex: amines, ethers, carboxylic acid anhydrides

Question 8

Water is ________.

Answer 8

Amphoteric

Question 9

Water has the ability ionize due to

Answer 9

its amphoteric properties and high polar structure

Question 10

Autoprotolysis

Answer 10

one molecule of water acts as a weak electrolyte solute and other acts as a solvent

Question 11

p = ____

Answer 11

-log of a value

Question 12

pH

Answer 12

A measure of hydrogen ion concentration [H+], in an aqueous solution
Ranges from 0 - 14
basis but does not indicate strength of the acid or base

Question 13

decrease pH

Answer 13

increase hydrogen ion

Question 14

T/F. Strong acids and bases are defined as those that are
completely ionized at all pH values → extent of ionization is pH independent

Answer 14

True.

Question 15

Ionization. Have strong tendency to to ionize, and reverse reaction occurs to a very small extent

Answer 15

Strong acids/base/electrolytes

Question 16

T/F. Weak electrolytes are ionized only to a slight extent, conc is relatively low, solute solute do not split ions

Answer 16

True