Acid Base Clinical Flashcards
what is adaptive response for metabolic acidosis?
hyperventilation
what is the adaptive response for metabolic akalosis?
hypoventilation
what is the adaptive response for respiratory acidosis?
secretion of H+ and retention of HCO3
what is the adaptive response for respiratory alkalosis?
retaining H+ and less HCO3 reabsorption
name the four steps in reading blood gases
determine if acidemia/alkalemia
determine if respiratory or metabolic
determine if compensated or not
determine anion gap
in metabolic acidosis will CO2 be elevated lowered or unchanged?
either lower or unchanged
in respiratory acidosis will CO2 be elevated lowered or unchanged?
elevated
what acid base imbalance is the winters equation useful for?
metabolic acidosis
what is the winters equation?
PaCO2=(1.5xHCO3) + (8)
what is the equation for metabolic alkalosis compensation?
increase in HCO3 by 1 means 0.7 increase in PaCO2 expected
what is the equation for respiratory acidosis acute and chronic compensation?
for every 10 increase in CO2…1 increase in HCO3
for every 10 increase in CO2…3.5 increase in HCO3
what is the equation for respiratory alkalosis acute and chronic compensation?
for every 10 decrease in CO2…2 decrease in HCO3
for every 10 decrease in CO2…4 decrease in HCO3
what is mnemonic for anion gaps?
MUDPILES
what is the mnemonic for non anion gaps?
HARD UP
does diabetic acidosis lead to anion gap or non anion gap?
anion gap
does diarrhea lead to anion gap or non anion gap?
non anion gap
does lactic acidosis leas to anion gap or non anion gap?
anion gap
does hyperchloremia lead to anion gap or non anion gap?
non anion gap
what acid base imbalance does vomiting lead to?
metabolic alkalosis
name three conditions that indicate a time to use mechanical ventilation
hypoxemic respiratory failure
hypercarbic respiratory failure
unstable airway
what is PEEP? what is it useful for in mechanical ventilation?
positive end expiratory pressure…good for preventing alveolar collapse
what are the two overarching modes of mechanical ventilation that you can choose from?
either volume setting so setting volume of tidal breath
or
pressure setting so setting amount of pressure given with each breath
what are the two modes of expiration that you can have in mechanical ventilation?
mandatory…mandatory number of breaths from ventilator per minute
non mandatory…no mandatory number of breaths from the ventilator, all up to patient
if a patient is hypercarbic on the ventilator…what should you adjust?
increase tidal volume or respiratory rate
