Acid/Base - BRS

Question 1

What is volatile acid?

Answer 1

CO2 and anything that comes from its hydration

Question 2

What is the pK of CO2/HCO3- buffer?

Answer 2

6.1

Question 3

What are the buffers of the ECF? ICF?

Answer 3

1. HCO3- (major) and Pi

2. Organic phosphates and proteins (Hemoglobin being the major buffer)

Question 4

When does the pH of a solution equal its pK?

Answer 4

when the acid and base are equal

Question 5

What does angiotensin II do to HCO3- reabsorption?

Answer 5

increases it

Question 6

What are two ways to excrete fixed H+?

Answer 6

1. H+ ATPase excretes it not the lumen, and it combines to form H2PO4-
2. It can bind to NH4+ and be excreted that way (same process as HCO3- replenishment)

Question 7

How does the respiratory system compensate for acidosis? alkalosis?

Answer 7

1. hyperventilation

2. hypoventilation

Question 8

Should you use serum or plasma levels to calculate anion gap?

Answer 8

serum (measures the unmeasurable anions in the serum)

Question 9

Big hitters that cause high anion gap metabolic acidosis

Answer 9

renal failure, uremia, alcoholic KA, EtOH

Question 10

Big hitters that cause normal anion gap metabolic acidosis

Answer 10

RTA, diarrhea

Question 11

Big hitters that cause acute respiratory acidosis

Answer 11

CNS depression, airway obstruction

Question 12

Big hitters that cause chronic respiratory acidosis

Answer 12

COPD

Question 13

Big hitters that cause respiratory alkalosis

Answer 13

CNS disease, hypoxia

Question 14

Big hitters that cause metabolic alkalosis

Answer 14

volume contraction (vomiting), endo (Cushings, Conn), diuretics

Question 15

What is a possible side effect of respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 15

hypocalemia (bc less H+ to fight over binding spots)