Acid Base Balance Disorder

Question 1

An acid is

Answer 1

A substance that releases proton or H+

It has low affinity for hydrogen ion

Question 2

A base is

Answer 2

A substance that accepts proton or H+ ion
It has high affinity for hydrogen ion

Question 3

A strong acid and a weak acid

Answer 3

A strong acid has little affinity for hydrogen ion
A weak acid has high affinity for hydrogen ion

Question 4

What is buffering

Answer 4

A process of replacing a strong acid to a weak acid so as to be able to accept excess hydrogen in the body during acidiosis

Question 5

Physiologic examples of a weak acid and it’s conjugate base is

Answer 5

H2CO3 and HCO3

Proper representation is
H2CO3 ——> H+HCO3

Question 6

A buffer is considered most effective if

Answer 6

It is within the range of + or - 2ph unit of it pka

Question 7

For maximum blood buffering the pka should be

Answer 7

7.4

Question 8

Pka is used to measure

Answer 8

The strength of an acid representing at -10
The lower the pka the stronger the acid is

Question 9

Natural buffers in our body include

Answer 9

Haemoglobin
Bicarbonate
Phosphate
Proteins

Question 10

Henderson hasselbalch equation is

Answer 10

Ph=pka +log(HCO3-)

Question 11

Renal impairment causes what and why

Answer 11

It causes acidosis cause our body main way of maintaining H+ is by excretion of the ion in our urine

Question 12

Types of acid

Answer 12

Fixed acid
Volatile acid

Question 13

Example of fixed acid ( they are non gaseous acids)

Answer 13

Lactic acid
Phosphate acid HPO4^-2
Sulphate acid HSO4
Acetoacetic acid
Alpha hydroxybutyric acid

Question 14

Volatile acids can easily

Answer 14

Disassociate eg h2co3 to form co2 and water

Question 15

Ph of blood is

Answer 15

7.35 to 7.45

Question 16

Pka of bicarbonate haemoglobin and phosphate is

Answer 16

6.33, 7.2. And. 6.8 respectively

Question 17

The most common buffer is

Answer 17

Bicarbonate buffer

Question 18

The buffer system with the highest buffering capacity

Answer 18

Haemoglobin buffer with buffering capacity of 40

Question 19

The lowest buffering capacity

Answer 19

Phosphate (0.3)

Question 20

Bicarbonate buffering capacity is

Answer 20

1.0

Question 21

Fixed acids are neutralized by

Answer 21

Bicarbonate buffer

Question 22

Volatile acids are neutralized by

Answer 22

Respiratory buffer( haemoglobin buffer)

Question 23

Types of acid base balance disorders

Answer 23

Metabolic and respiratory

Question 24

Causes of metabolic acidosis

Answer 24

Diarrhea
Diabetic keto acidosis
Fistula
Acute renal failure
Chronic renal failure
Ingestion of ammonium chloride

Question 25

Primary methods of regulating metabolic acidiosis is

Answer 25

By hyperventilation

Question 26

Hypoventilation causes

Answer 26

Respiratory acidiosis

Question 27

Causes of respiratory acidiosis

Answer 27

Pneumonia
Emphysema
Lungs problem
Drugs like barbiturates morphine and alcohol
Congestive cardiac failure

Question 28

To regulate respiratory acidosis is by

Answer 28

Kidney: secretion of plenty H+