Acid Base Balance Disorder Flashcards
An acid is
A substance that releases proton or H+
It has low affinity for hydrogen ion
A base is
A substance that accepts proton or H+ ion
It has high affinity for hydrogen ion
A strong acid and a weak acid
A strong acid has little affinity for hydrogen ion
A weak acid has high affinity for hydrogen ion
What is buffering
A process of replacing a strong acid to a weak acid so as to be able to accept excess hydrogen in the body during acidiosis
Physiologic examples of a weak acid and it’s conjugate base is
H2CO3 and HCO3
Proper representation is
H2CO3 ——> H+HCO3
A buffer is considered most effective if
It is within the range of + or - 2ph unit of it pka
For maximum blood buffering the pka should be
7.4
Pka is used to measure
The strength of an acid representing at -10
The lower the pka the stronger the acid is
Natural buffers in our body include
Haemoglobin
Bicarbonate
Phosphate
Proteins
Henderson hasselbalch equation is
Ph=pka +log(HCO3-)
Renal impairment causes what and why
It causes acidosis cause our body main way of maintaining H+ is by excretion of the ion in our urine
Types of acid
Fixed acid
Volatile acid
Example of fixed acid ( they are non gaseous acids)
Lactic acid
Phosphate acid HPO4^-2
Sulphate acid HSO4
Acetoacetic acid
Alpha hydroxybutyric acid
Volatile acids can easily
Disassociate eg h2co3 to form co2 and water
Ph of blood is
7.35 to 7.45
Pka of bicarbonate haemoglobin and phosphate is
6.33, 7.2. And. 6.8 respectively
The most common buffer is
Bicarbonate buffer
The buffer system with the highest buffering capacity
Haemoglobin buffer with buffering capacity of 40
The lowest buffering capacity
Phosphate (0.3)
Bicarbonate buffering capacity is
1.0
Fixed acids are neutralized by
Bicarbonate buffer
Volatile acids are neutralized by
Respiratory buffer( haemoglobin buffer)
Types of acid base balance disorders
Metabolic and respiratory
Causes of metabolic acidosis
Diarrhea
Diabetic keto acidosis
Fistula
Acute renal failure
Chronic renal failure
Ingestion of ammonium chloride
Primary methods of regulating metabolic acidiosis is
By hyperventilation
Hypoventilation causes
Respiratory acidiosis
Causes of respiratory acidiosis
Pneumonia
Emphysema
Lungs problem
Drugs like barbiturates morphine and alcohol
Congestive cardiac failure
To regulate respiratory acidosis is by
Kidney: secretion of plenty H+
