Acid Base Balance

Question 1

Causes of Respiratory acidosis

Answer 1

• asthma
• atelectasis
• brain trauma
• bronchiectasis
• bronchitis
• CNS depressants (opioids, sedatives, etc)
• emphysema & copd
• high flow O2 to copd patients
• hypoventilation
• PNA
• pulm edema
• pulm emboli

Question 2

Causes of Respiratory alkalosis

Answer 2

• fever
• hyperventilation
• hypoxia
• hysteria
• overventilation by mech. vent.
• pain

Question 3

Causes of Metabolic Acidosis

Answer 3

• DM/ketoacidosis
• excessive ingestion of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)
• high fat diet
• malnutrition
• renal diseases
• severe diarrhea

Question 4

Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis

Answer 4

• diuretics
• excessive vomiting/GI suctioning
• hyperaldonsteronism
• excess sodium bicarbonate
• massive transfusion of whole blood