Acid-base Balance Flashcards
In decreased blood pH, to determine if bicarbonate loss is through diarrhea and not impaired kidney function, one must test for increased levels of which of the following in the urine?
a. HCO3-
b. H+
c. NH4+
d. H2PO3-
A
Salicylic acid is a lipid soluble, weak acid that undergoes nonionic diffusion. Which of the following interventions would enhance urinary excretion of this compound?
A. acidifying the urine
B. alkalinizing the urine
C. giving a drug which inhibits organic anion secretion in the tubule lumen
D. any of the above
B
Which of the following patients will develop metabolic acidosis?
A. 88 year old with glaucoma receiving carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
B. patient receiving spironolactone, an aldosterone antagonist
C. end stage kidney disease patient
D. all of the above
E. none of the above
D
Of the following responses to an acid load, which is the most delayed response?
A. CO2 formation
B. formation of NH4Cl
C. formation of H2PO4 ( Phosphoric acid)
D. reaction with reduced hemoglobin
B
What is the difference between venous and arterial blood gas?
A. Venous blood gas has higher [HCO3+ ] and lower [Cl- ]
B.Venous blood gas has lower [HCO3+ ] and lower [Cl- ]
C. Venous blood gas has higher [HCO3+ ] and higher [Cl- ]
D. Venous blood gas has lower [HCO3+ ] and lower [Cl- ]
A
A patient has normal plasma [HCO3+ ]and a GFR of 100 ml/min. What is the total filtered [HCO3+ ] per day?
A. 3000 mmols
B.3240 mmols
C. 3456 mmols
D. 3565 mmols
C
Most of the secreted H+
A. is utilized to reclaim [HCO3+ ]
B. forms NH4
C. is seen in the urine as free H+
D. forms titrable acids
A
80 year old woman found in her bed unconscious with an empty bottle of salicylic acid on the nearby table. Obviously a victim of accidental salicylate poisoning, she was brought to the ER. If you were the intern who initially saw the victim, you would treat her with
A. sodium bicarbonate
B. ammonium chloride
A
80 year old woman found in her bed unconscious with an empty bottle of salicylic acid on the nearby table. Obviously a victim of accidental salicylate poisoning, she was brought to the ER. If you were the intern who initially saw the victim, you would treat her with sodium bicarbonate.
Your objective in doing the above intervention is to
A. increase the amount of salicylic acid (ASA) which is lipid soluble
B. increase the amount of the anionic form (ASA-) of salicylic acid
A
In decreased blood pH, to determine if bicarbonate loss is through diarrhea and not impaired kidney function, one must test for increased levels of which of the following in the urine? A. bicarbonate B. H+ C. NH4+ D. H2PO3-
A
Bartter’s syndrome is a set of autosomal recessive genetic disorders characterized by metabolic alkalosis and hyperaldosteronism. Which of the following transport mechanisms is affected in this disorder?
A. Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter
B. Apical K+ channel in the thick ascending limb of Henle’s loop
C. Basolateral Cl- channel in the thick ascending limb of Henle’s loop
D. Any of the above
C
