Acid-Base Balance

Question 1

pH

Answer 1

pH: 7.35-7.45

Question 2

CO2

Answer 2

CO2= 35-45

Question 3

HCO3

Answer 3

HCO3= 22-26

Question 4

Respiratory

Answer 4

RO–Respiratory Opposite

Question 5

Metabolic

Answer 5

ME–Metabolic Equal

Question 6

Respiratory Acidosis

Answer 6

Respiratory Acidosis

↓pH & ↑CO2

Question 7

↓pH & ↑CO2

Answer 7

Respiratory Acidosis

Question 8

Respiratory ALKalosis

Answer 8

Respiratory ALKalosis

↑pH & ↓CO2

Question 9

↑pH & ↓CO2

Answer 9

Respiratory ALKalosis

Question 10

Respiratory Acidosis

(Causes):

Answer 10

Respiratory Acidosis (Causes):

1. Chest/Brain Trauma
2. COPD
3. Pnuemonia
4. Pulmonary Edema/Emboli
5. Drug OD
6. Airway Obstruction
7. Anesthesia
8. ↑ICP

Respiratory Acidosis–CCPPDAA↑

Question 11

Respiratory Acidosis

(S/S)

Answer 11

Respiratory Acidosis (S/S):

1. Dizziness (3D’s)
2. Rapid, shallow respirations
3. Hypoventilation
4. Muscle Weakness
5. Warm, Flushed skin
6. H/A
7. ↑K+
8. ↓BP

Respiratory Acidosis (S/S)– DRHMWH/A↑↓

Question 12

Respiratory Acidosis

(Interventions)

Answer 12

Respiratory Acidosis (Interventions):

1. Semi-Fowler’s [30]
2. Turn, cough, deep breath
3. Hydration
4. Suction
5. Respiratory distress monitoring
6. Electrolyte monitoring (esp. K+)
7. Respiratory Tx as Rx
8. Antibiotics and other Meds as Rx
9. O2 as Rx
10. ↑CO2 >50 prep for:
    
    1. Mechanical Ventilation
    2. Endotracheal Intubation

Question 13

Respiratory Acidosis

(Compenstaion)

Answer 13

Respiratory Acidosis (Compenstaion):

Kindneys (renal):

1. Retain HCO3
2. Excrete H+

Question 14

Respiratory ALKalosis

(S/S)

Answer 14

Respiratory ALKalosis (S/S):

1. Hyperventilation
2. Paresthesias
3. Tetany (↓ Ca+)
4. Lethargy
5. Confusion
6. N/V
7. ↑HR

Question 15

Respiratory ALKalosis

(Causes)

Answer 15

_Respiratory ALKalosis (Causes): _

HHHEEAATF

1. Hyperventilation
2. Hysteria
3. Hypoxia
4. Early Asthma
5. Excessive ventilation c/Mechanical Ventilation
6. Anemia
7. ASA toxicity
8. Thyrotoxicosis
9. Fever

Question 16

Respiratory ALKalosis

(Interventions)

Answer 16

Respiratory ALKalosis (Interventions):

1. Respiratory Distress monitoring
2. Emotional support & Reassurance
3. Electrolytes (K+ & Ca+)
4. Appropriate Breathing Patterns
5. Rebreathing Masks as Rx
6. CO2 breaths as Rx (Paper Bag)
7. Ca+ gluconate prep for Tetany (↓Ca+) as Rx
8. Voluntary holding breath if appropriate
9. Ventilator PTs (caution NOT forced breaths too deeply or rapidly)

Question 17

Metabolic Acidosis (Causes)

Answer 17

Metabolic Acidoses (Causes):

1. Severe Diarrhea
2. Shock
3. DM or DKA
4. Renal (RF, renal insufficiency, renal disease or acute injury)
5. A
6. Malnurtition (↑↑ fat-diet – ↑ ketones)

                        (↓ carbs -- ↑lactic acid)