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@Nur180 Exam1 > acid-base balance > Flashcards

acid-base balance Flashcards

1
Q

pH 7.35-7.45
PCO2 35-45 mmHg
HCO3 24-28 mEq/L
PO2 75-100 mmHg

A

ABG’s

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2
Q

3 systems work together to maintain pH with in a normal range; buffer system, respiratory system, and renal system

A

3 systems work together to maintain pH

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3
Q

bodys’ 3 major buffer systems

A

bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer
Phosphate buffer
protein buffer

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4
Q

The bicarbonate-carbonic acid system gains a H ion if the pH is more than 7.35, and drops an H+ ion if the pH less than 7.45

A

acid base balance Acidosis/Alkalosis

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5
Q

the phosphate buffer system acts as a

A

strong ECF

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6
Q

the protein buffer system acts as a

A

ICF buffer

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7
Q

The respiratory system helps to maintain acid-base balance by adding CO2 if the pH is less than 7.45 or drops CO2 if the pH is more than 7.35

A

acid base balance Acidosis/Alkalosis

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8
Q

the renal system helps to maintain acid-base balance by excreting the H ion and retains HCO3 in acidosis and retains the H ion and excrete HCO3 in alkalosis.

A

acid base balance Acidosis/Alkalosis

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9
Q

a condition that results when PCO2 falls below 35mmHg.

A

Hypocarpnia

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10
Q

deep, rapid respirations assoc. with compensatory mechanisms

A

Kussmaul breathing

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11
Q

body is deprived of o2

A

Hypoxia

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12
Q

when compensatory mechanisms are unable to maintain the normal ration of bicarbonate to carbonic acid in the blood plasma even though the bicarbonate level is decreased or the carbon dioxide level is elevated.

A

Uncompensated

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13
Q

an actual or relative increase in the acidity of blood due to an accumulation of acids or an excessive loss of bicarbonate. The hydrogen ion concentration of the fluid is increased, lowering the pH.

A

Acidosis & Alkalosis

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14
Q

provides an indication of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange and acid-base balance within the blood

A

ABG’s

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15
Q

occurs when pH drops below 7.35

A

acidosis

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16
Q

occurs when the pH rises above 7.45

A

Alkalosis

17
Q

determined if the PaCO2 is less than 35 mmHg (alkalosis) or greater than 45 mmHg (acidosis)

A

A Primary Respiratory problem

18
Q

When the HCO3 is less than 22 mEq/L (acidosis) or greater than 26 mEq/L (alkalosis)

A

A primary metabolic problem

19
Q

Regulates the carbonic acid by eliminating or retaining carbon dioxide. CO2 is a potential ACID. (when gains a H+)

A

Respiratory System

20
Q

Responsible for the long-term regulation of acid-base balance. the Kidneys eliminate excess non-volatile acids producing during metabolism. Renal tubules reg by breaking down carbonic acid

A

Renal system

21
Q

Common Causes:
increased Acid production
-DKA, (ketoacidosis); Starvation, alcoholism, vomitting, Lactic acidosis; muscles fatigued

-Decreased acid excretion
Renal Failure;
-Increased Bicarbonate Loss (HCO3); too much normal saline can send you into an acidodic state.
Excessive diarrhea too

A

Metabolic Acidosis Causes

22
Q

Decreased appetite (anorexia), nausea vomiting, abd pain
bradycardia, dysrhythmias, CNS dysfunction
-Kussmauls dyspnea; deep labored breathing
-Weakness, Fatigue, general malaise, HA
-Decrease LOC, Confusion
-hyperkalemia: shift of acid to ICF and K to the ECF
-warm, flushed skin
-headache, diarrhea, tremors
Laxatives; poop out your base; become Acidosis

A

Clinical symptoms of Metabolic Acidosis

23
Q

Monitor ABG’s and I&O’s
Monitor LOC
-position patient to facilitate effective breathing

A

Nursing Interventions for Metabolic Acidosis

24
Q 
Increased Acid loss or secretions
Vomiting or NG tube
increased use of non K sparing diuretics
-Lasix
Increased adrenal corticoid hormones; increased HCO3 excessive intake

Eating Tums; alkalodic buildup of bicarb

A

Metabolic Alkalosis

common causes

25
Q 
Decreased LoC, confusion seizures
HA
Hyperreflexia, Tetany; muscle shakes
Neuromuscular excitability
Dysrhythmias, hypotension
Respiratory Failure 
BP drops
A

Clinical symptoms of Metabolic Alkalosis

26
Q 
Monitor ABG's
K
Monitor I&O's
VS
LOC
A

Nursing Interventions for Metabolic Alkalosis

27
Q

Treat the underlying cause
IVF’s
O2

A

Treatment for Metabolic Alkalosis

28
Q 
IV NaHCO3 (sodium bicarb)
Treat the underlying cause
A

Treatment for Metabolic Acidosis

29
Q 
Impariment of alveolar gas exchange, acute pulmonary  edema, pnemonia, asthma, cystic fibrosis, Chronic COPD
stroke, MS
Chronic Lung Disease
Brain Injury
Airway Obstructioin
Mechanical Injury
A

Common Causes of Respiratory Acidosis

30
Q

Increased PaCo2; HCO3 is normal or less with renal compensation
-vasodilation, cardiac dysrhythmias,
tachycardia, somnolence, decreased ventilation
opiate overdose

A

Clinical Manifestations for Respiratory Acidosis

31
Q 
Assess Respiratory status
LOC
I&O's
VS
ABG's
A

Nursing Interventions for Respiratory Acidosis

32
Q 
Admin inhalation therapies
Bronchodilators
ABX
Narcotic Agonist; Narcan
Percussion
Postural Drainage
Maintain adequate hydration
A

Treatment for Respiratory Acidosis

33
Q 
Extreme anxiety
Panic attacks; over ventilating
Increased body temp, fever
Over ventilted 
hypoxia
Salicylate overdose
Brain Stem injury
A

Common Causes of Respiratory Alkalosis

34
Q 
Dizziness
nausea, vomitting, tingling of extremities and/or mouth
palpitations, chest tightness
dyspnea
Anxiety/panic
Tremors/Tetany
Seizures/ LOC
A

Clinical Symptoms of Respiratory Alkalosis

35
Q 
Monitor ABG's
VS
Vent settings
Encourage slow breath
Teach stress reduction techniques
A

Nursing Interventions for Respiratory Alkalosis

36
Q

Admin Sedatives/antianxiety meds
O2
Maintain fluid status

A

Treatment for Respiratory Alkalosis

37
Q

Volatile acid in the body; can be eliminated as gas

A

Carbonic acid H2CO3 separates in H2O and CO2

@Nur180 Exam1 (6 decks)

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